What is an adequate sputum sample?
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What is an adequate sputum sample?
The quality of sputum samples is determined by the minimum number of squamous epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes per low power field. An acceptable specimen has more than 25 leukocytes and fewer than 10 epithelial cells per low power field.
How much of a sample is needed for an adequate sputum specimen?
1-2 teaspoons of specimen is adequate. The container should not be more than ½ full.
How do you assess the quality of sputum sample?
Involving the method for assessment of the sputum quality allows us to estimate the amount of oropharyngeal contamination. This method is performed by microscopic examination of the cellular components in a stained smear of the specimen, seen under the low power field magnification (LPF).
How will you validate a respiratory specimen such as sputum?
The are two main ways that sputum samples are collected: Coughing and spitting into a cup: The most common method of obtaining a sputum sample is by coughing deeply and then spitting the phlegm that comes up into a sample cup. This is generally the least invasive method of sputum culture testing.
How do you read sputum test results?
Sputum Culture
- Clear. This usually means no disease is present, but large amounts of clear sputum may be a sign of lung disease.
- White or gray. This may also be normal, but increased amounts may mean lung disease.
- Dark yellow or green. This often means a bacterial infection, such as pneumonia.
- Brown.
- Pink.
- Red.
How is sputum graded?
Sputum smear is graded (negative, scanty, 1+, 2+, 3+) per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Under the RNTCP, all patients are diagnosed, classified and treated in accordance with standard WHO guidelines.
What if sputum test is negative?
When a patient is “culture negative,” there are no detectable TB organisms in his/her sputum and the patient is considered completely non-contagious. The likelihood of transmission derives primarily from factors related to the TB patient or the environments in which contacts are exposed.
What is the percentage of water in sputum normally?
Normal mucus is 98 percent water. In people with cystic fibrosis, that mucus is only 79 percent water. Using the peel tester, the team showed that the force of a cough could easily tear normal phlegm off a surface. But at 79 percent water, mucus clung too tightly.
What is the importance of sputum analysis?
The analysis of sputum is essential for discovering the reasons leading to different airway and lung diseases. The accurate diagnosis is directly related to the strategy that the physician uses to treat the patients.
Is pneumonia gram-positive or negative?
Abstract. Gram-positive pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Of the gram-positive pathogens that cause pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common.
What happens if sputum test is positive?
A sample of sputum is added to a substance that promotes the growth of bacteria. If no bacteria grow, the culture is negative. If bacteria grow, the culture is positive. If TB bacteria grow, then the person has tuberculosis.
What does AFB 1+ mean?
If your AFB smear was positive, it means you probably have TB or other infection, but an AFB culture is needed confirm the diagnosis. Culture results can take several weeks, so your provider may decide to treat your infection in the meantime.
What is sputum smear positive TB?
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis tuberculosis, patients with sputum smear-positive TB should be isolated regardless of drug resistance status. The risk of infection depends on proximity and duration of contact of an infectious TB patient.
Does a positive sputum culture mean pneumonia?
If your results were not normal, it may mean you have some kind of bacterial or fungal infection. Your provider may need to do more tests to find the specific type of infection you have. The most common types of harmful bacteria found in a sputum culture include those that cause: Pneumonia.
What does a positive sputum culture mean?
A sputum culture is a test to find germs (such as bacteria or a fungus) that can cause an infection. A sample of sputum is added to a substance that promotes the growth of germs. If no germs grow, the culture is negative. If germs that can cause infection grow, the culture is positive.
Can TB be detected in saliva?
Compared to blood, saliva has advantages as a specimen for TB diagnosis which include none-invasiveness, no need for skilled personnel for collection, none clotting ability and ease to handle [12]. A study by Phalane et al.
What is normal range of AFB?
Understanding results ofAcid Fast Bacilli (AFB) (Staining, Smear & culture sensitivity) – Sputum
| Reference Range | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| 26.7 to 37.0 seconds | Normal |
