What is VDR in blood test?

What is VDR in blood test?

The venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test is designed to assess whether you have syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The bacterium infects by penetrating into the lining of the mouth or genital area.

What are VDR genes?

The VDR gene provides instructions for making a protein called vitamin D receptor (VDR), which allows the body to respond to vitamin D. This vitamin can be acquired from foods in the diet or made in the body with help from sunlight exposure.

What is VDR polymorphism?

Expression and nuclear activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are necessary for the effects of vitamin D. Several genetic variations have been identified in the VDR. DNA sequence variations, which occur frequently in the population, are referred to as “polymorphisms” and can have biological effects.

Is VDR a nuclear receptor?

Abstract. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor/steroid hormone receptor superfamily. These receptors function as ligand-activated, transcriptional regulatory proteins.

What is the test for syphilis called?

Screening tests for syphilis usually include: Rapid plasma reagin (RPR), which is a blood test. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, which can be done on blood or spinal fluid.

Is vitamin D deficiency hereditary?

June 9, 2010 — Having too little vitamin D may not be due solely to diet or lack of sunlight, but may be due to your genes.

How does VDR effect gene expression?

VDRs have direct effects on the epigenome and expression of over 1,000 genes37. This gene and its ligands antagonize proinflammatory transcription factors, such as NF-AT, AP-1, and NF-κB in T cells, which results in decreased expression of cytokines such as IL2 and IL1238.

What is a VDR agonist?

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists are well known for their capacity to control calcium and bone metabolism and to regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types. More recently, it has become clear that VDR agonists possess immunoregulatory properties and, in particular, pronounced protolerogenic activities.

Is vitamin D deficiency genetic?

What is vitamin D receptor activator?

VDR activators (calcitriol and paricalcitol) are available for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency, which can result from inadequate cutaneous production and/or low dietary intake. Vitamin-D deficient patients present a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than the general population.

What happens if you test positive for syphilis?

If your screening test results are positive, it means you have antibodies that may be from a syphilis infection. You’ll need another test to confirm whether or not you have syphilis. If your follow-up test confirms you have syphilis, you will probably be treated with penicillin, a type of antibiotic.

How does vitamin D regulate gene expression?

Studies demonstrate that cholecalciferol can regulate gene expression by direct binding to VDR and that its affinity for VDR is several times higher than the active form of vitamin D (1,25-OH vitamin D) when bound to the vitamin D binding protein44,45.

What is Vit D receptor activation?

Decreased vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation is a major pathophysiologic factor in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and contributes to CKD morbidity and mortality. In contrast, VDR inactivation influences bone and cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression and mortality.

Where is the vitamin D receptor expressed?

The VDR is now known to be expressed in many non–calcium-regulating cell types including dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes of skin, immune cells, selected cardiovascular cell types, and cellular components of numerous other tissues (21).