How do you treat Mycobacterium marinum in humans?

How do you treat Mycobacterium marinum in humans?

The gold standard for treatment of infection by M. marinum is oral antibiotics. Clarithromycin with ethambutol is currently the preferred antibiotic selection. Rifampin is typically added to the antibiotics regimen if deeper organ infection is present, such as bone infection (osteomyelitis).

How do you treat Mycobacterium marinum in fish?

Mycobacterium marinum Infection Susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is variable. Most current treatment regimens include clarithromycin, often with rifampin and ethambutol. Treatment is usually for months.

Does doxycycline treat Mycobacterium?

The antimicrobial agents amikacin and doxycycline, which are not conventionally considered for use in treatment of mycobacterial infections, inhibit growth of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei in vitro. Ten patients were treated with these drugs alone or in combination with some surgical procedure.

What disease does Mycobacterium marinum cause?

Mycobacterium marinum is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium that causes a tuberculosis-like illness in fish and can infect humans when injured skin is exposed to a contaminated aqueous environment.

How common is Mycobacterium Marinum?

Frequency. M marinum infections are rare but well described in the literature. The estimated annual incidence is 0.27 cases per 100,000 adult patients. The infection is typically limited to the skin, mostly involving limbs, but spread to deeper structures has been reported.

How do you treat nontuberculous mycobacteria?

The standard treatment for most NTM infections is a combination of two or more antibiotics, taken over many months. The specific drugs you are prescribed will depend on the NTM species involved, and whether or not the organism has developed any antibiotic resistance.

How long can Mycobacterium marinum?

Mortality/Morbidity. M marinum infection responds slowly to appropriate antibiotic therapy. Infected patients may require treatment for 2 weeks or up to 18 months. M marinum infection may result in persistent ulceration, draining sinuses, or septic arthritis.

What is the drug of choice for treating mycobacterial infections?

Doctors typically recommend a combination of three to four antibiotics, such as clarithromycin, azithromycin, rifampin, rifabutin, ethambutol, streptomycin, and amikacin. They use several antibiotics to prevent the mycobacteria from becoming resistant to any one medication.

Which drug is active against atypical mycobacteria?

Minocycline (Dynacin, Minocin) Minocycline treats infections caused by susceptible gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, in addition to infections caused by susceptible Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Mycoplasma species and atypical mycobacteria.

What is the difference between MAC and NTM?

NTM includes a number of different species, but the most common one causing disease is MAC. MAC is not spread person to person like Mtb. MAC is not contagious. MAC lung disease seen in HIV (-) (non-AIDS) patients is a chronic lung infection and is often misdiagnosed as chronic bronchitis or recurrent pneumonia.

Can NTM go away on its own?

NTM infections continue because phlegm gets trapped in the lungs. Chest physiotherapy and regular exercise can help NTM infections go away without treatment. But you will be given antibiotic treatment if: you continue to have symptoms due to NTM.

How is azithromycin different from erythromycin?

Conclusions: Azithromycin stimulates antral activity similar to erythromycin and moreover has a longer duration of effect. However, unlike erythromycin, azithromycin does not have significant drug-drug interactions and maybe a potential new medication for the treatment of gastroparesis and gastrointestinal dysmotility.

How do you treat atypical mycobacterial infections?

Treatment options include clarithromycin or azithromycin, with the addition of amikacin, cefoxitin, or imipenem for serious and complicated infections.

Which of the following drug is used to treat mycobacterial infection?

The drugs used most often for treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection include a macrolide (eg, clarithromycin, azithromycin), ethambutol, and a rifamycin (eg, rifabutin, rifampin). Clarithromycin or azithromycin in combination with ethambutol and rifabutin are the first-choice drugs.