What does PTEN protein do?

What does PTEN protein do?

PTEN acts as a tumor suppressor gene through the action of its phosphatase protein product. This phosphatase is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, preventing cells from growing and dividing too rapidly. It is a target of many anticancer drugs.

Is PTEN a Tumour suppressor?

Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a dual phosphatase with both protein and lipid phosphatase activities. PTEN was first discovered as a tumor suppressor with growth and survival regulatory functions.

What is PTEN binding?

Once bound to the plasma membrane, PTEN would bind and dephosphorylate 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides, most notably PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, which in turn induces the degradation of PTEN.

What is PTEN phosphorylate?

PTEN (also known as MMAC1/TEP1) is a tumor suppressor gene localized to the chromosome 10q23 region (see Refs. 1, 2, 3, and reviewed in Ref. 4). The PTEN protein product (PTEN) is a lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates the D3 position of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (5).

Why is PTEN a tumor suppressor?

In addition, PTEN is linked via several mechanisms to the p53 tumor suppressor. Through p53 and additional mechanisms, loss of PTEN leads to genomic instability. Hence, PTEN is important because its loss misregulates multiple Akt-dependent and -independent pathways critical for the development of cancer.

Why is PTEN important?

What is a PTEN mutation?

Acquired (also known as somatic) PTEN genetic mutations are one of the commonly found mutations in human cancer. These mutations have been found in many different types of cancer, including prostate cancer, uterine cancer, and some types of brain tumors.

Is PTEN a phosphatase?

PTEN is a dual specificity protein and lipid phosphatase, and its primary cellular substrate is the second messenger phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), which it hydrolyzes to phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) (Figure 2) [5–8].

How is PTEN diagnosed?

If a patient is found to meet clinical or testing criteria, testing of the PTEN gene may be offered. Genetic testing is done through a blood sample. Once a mutation is identified in a patient, family members can be tested for that mutation in order to determine who else in the family has PHTS.

How is PTEN regulated?

PTEN is under extensive regulation by miRNAs. Specific miRNAs target mRNAs by binding to miRNA response elements usually located at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs121. A number of miRNAs have been found to participate in the regulation of metabolic disease and cancer by targeting PTEN122,123 (Fig.

What does loss of PTEN mean?

Abstract. PTEN loss has been associated with poorer prognosis in many solid tumors. However, such investigation in lymphomas is limited. In this study, PTEN cytoplasmic and nuclear expression, PTEN gene deletion, and PTEN mutations were evaluated in two independent cohorts of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

What is p10 disorder?

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome is a genetic condition in which non-cancerous growths, called hamartomas, develop in different areas of the body. In addition to hamartomas, patients can have other physical findings, including larger-than-average head size, abnormal skin growths, and intellectual disabilities.

What causes mutations in PTEN?

PHTS is caused by alterations, also known as “mutations,” of the PTEN gene on chromosome 10. In some cases, all or part of the gene is deleted. The condition can be inherited or caused by “new” mutations in one of the father’s sperm, mother’s eggs, or in a cell of the developing fetus.

How common is PTEN mutation?

The frequency of germline PTEN mutations, including mutations in the promoter region, in Cowden syndrome have been reported to approach 85-90% [14]. Genotype/phenotype correlations have been suggested, but have not been confirmed [15–17].