Why is epispadias associated with bladder exstrophy?

Why is epispadias associated with bladder exstrophy?

Bladder exstrophy is a congenital (present at birth) abnormality of the bladder. It happens when the skin over the lower abdominal wall (bottom part of the tummy) does not form properly, so the bladder is open and exposed on the outside of the abdomen. In epispadias, the urethra does not form properly.

What embryological structure is defective in epispadias?

Epispadias is a rare congenital malformation of the male or female urogenital apparatus that consists of a defect of the dorsal wall of the urethra.

What is classic bladder exstrophy?

Bladder exstrophy (EK-stroh-fee) is a rare birth defect in which the bladder develops outside the fetus. The exposed bladder can’t store urine or function normally, resulting in urine leakage (incontinence). Problems caused by bladder exstrophy vary in severity.

What is associated with exstrophy of the bladder?

In classic bladder exstrophy, most anomalies are related to defects of the abdominal wall, bladder, genitalia, pelvic bones, rectum and anus. Bladder exstrophy is a rare developmental abnormality that is present at birth (congenital) in which the bladder and related structures are turned inside out.

What is the pathophysiology of epispadias?

Epispadias is a rare birth defect located at the opening of the urethra. In this condition, the urethra does not develop into a full tube, and the urine exits the body from an abnormal location. The causes of epispadias are unknown. It may be related to improper development of the pubic bone.

What is the difference between hypospadias and epispadias?

In hypospadias, the urethra doesn’t fully develop and reach the penis tip. The urethra opening ends up in a different position along the bottom of the penis. In epispadias, the tube also doesn’t form correctly. The opening is on the top of the penis.

What is the difference between epispadias and hypospadias?

What is associated with epispadias?

Epispadias can be associated with bladder exstrophy, an uncommon birth defect in which the bladder is inside out and sticks through the abdominal wall. However, epispadias can also occur with other defects. Epispadias occurs in one in 117,000 newborn boys and one in 484,000 newborn girls.

What is classic bladder exstrophy and Epispadias?

Classic bladder exstrophy is intermediate in severity and the bladder is open from the top of the bladder through the urethra and to the tip of the penis. Boys with epispadias have a urethra that is extremely short and split and the opening is on the upper surface of the penis.

What is exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC)?

Exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC) represents a spectrum of genitourinary malformations ranging in severity from epispadias (E) to classical bladder exstrophy (CEB) and exstrophy of the cloaca (EC). Depending on severity, EEC may involve the urinary system, musculoskeletal system, pelvis, pelvic flo … The exstrophy-epispadias complex

What causes bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex?

The bladder exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal exstrophy complex is caused by a developmental abnormality that occurs 4-5 weeks after conception in which the cloacal membrane is not replaced by tissue that will form the abdominal muscles.

What is the difference between epispadias and cloacal exstrophy?

Girls with epispadias have a urethral opening located between a split clitoris and labia minor. Cloacal exstrophy is a severe birth defect in which there is usually a membrane-covered area on the abdominal wall that contains the abdominal contents (omphalocele). The bladder is divided in two halves and males have a penis split in two halves.