Why are blacks called smokers?
Table of Contents
Why are blacks called smokers?
“Black smokers” are chimneys formed from deposits of iron sulfide, which is black. “White smokers” are chimneys formed from deposits of barium, calcium, and silicon, which are white. Underwater volcanoes at spreading ridges and convergent plate boundaries produce hot springs known as hydrothermal vents.
What are black smokers also known as?
The so called “black smokers” are hydrothermal vent chimneys formed by accumulations of iron sulfide, while “white smokers” are chimneys formed by accumulations of barium, calcium, and silicon.
What are black smokers and why are they black?
There are two main types of hydrothermal vents. “Black smokers” are another name for the most common type. They are named for the black colored water that comes out of them, like the picture on the left. The different colors are due to different minerals being dissolved in the water.
How are black smokers explored?
High temperature hydrothermal vents, the “black smokers”, were discovered in spring 1979 by a team from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography using the submersible Alvin.
Do black smokers contain valuable minerals?
Early examinations of black smoker chimneys resulted in a model of chimney growth that is still accepted nearly 20 years later. But in terms of size and ore grade, black smoker chimneys are not important mineral deposits.
Who first discovered black smokers?
Some black smokers on the Azores portion of the Mid Atlantic Ridge are extremely rich in metal content, such as Rainbow with 24,000 μM concentrations of iron. Black smokers were first discovered in 1979 on the East Pacific Rise by scientists from Scripps Institution of Oceanography during the RISE Project.
What is the temperature range for a black smoker?
Existing at a depth of more than 2000 m, black smokers emitted a strong flow of black, smoky water, superheated to over 400°C (750°F).
