What does Article 102 Prohibit?

What does Article 102 Prohibit?

Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) prohibits abusive conduct by companies that have a dominant position on a particular market.

How does price discrimination affect competition?

Price discrimination causes market area of merging parties and competitors to widen. Amplifies them, if it brings merging firms into closer competition.

What is Aaec competition law?

Competition laws in India are governed by the Competition Act, 2002 (the “Act”), which was introduced to protect appreciable adverse effects (AAEC) on trade-related competition in the relevant market, to promote and sustain competition in markets, to protect the interests of consumers and to ensure freedom of trade.

What conditions are required for price discrimination?

Price discrimination is possible under the following conditions:

• The seller must have some control over the supply of his product.
• The seller should be able to divide the market into at least two sub-markets (or more).
• The price-elasticity of the product must be different in different markets.

What is the difference between Article 101 and Article 102?

Article 101 prohibits anti-competitive agreements between two or more independent market operators. Article 102 prohibits abusive behaviour by companies holding a dominant position on any given market.

What factors are considered upon in determining Aaec?

These factors include inter alia, the actual and potential level of Section 20(4) of the Competition Act sets out certain factors that the CCI shall consider, while determining if a combination causes or is likely to cause an AAEC in the ‘relevant market’ in India, including inter alia, the actual and potential level …

Which of the following conditions is not required for price discrimination?

Which of the following conditions is not required for price discrimination? Buyers with different elasticities must be physically separate from each other. the selling of a given product at different prices to different customers that do not reflect cost differences.

What are the conditions for price discrimination?

Price discrimination is possible under the following conditions: The seller must have some control over the supply of his product. Such monopoly power is necessary to discriminate the price. The seller should be able to divide the market into at least two sub-markets (or more).

What are the conditions under which price discrimination is possible?

Price discrimination is possible when the two markets or markets are separated by large distance or tariff barriers, so that it is not possible to transfer goods from a cheaper market to dearer markets. For instance, a monopolist may sell the same product at a higher price in Bombay and lower price in Meerut.

What does Article 101 prohibit?

Article 101 prohibits agreements that have as their object or effect the restriction, prevention or distortion of competition within the EU and which have an effect on trade between EU member states.

Is the UK still bound by EU competition law?

b) EU competition law will cease to apply in the UK On 1 January 2021 (i.e. the end of the transition period provided by the Withdrawal Agreement) Articles 101 and 102 TFEU ceased to apply in the UK.

Which of the following factors are used in determining whether an agreement has an appreciable adverse effect on competition?

Any agreement which limits or controls supply, markets, technical development, production, or provision of services will be deemed to have an appreciable adverse effect on competition as per Section 3(3)b of the Competition Act, 2002.

What are the factors that are considered by the Commission while determining the relevant product market?

Similarly, as per section 19(7), the factors enlisted for the relevant product market for CCI’s consideration are:

• Physical characteristics or end-use of goods;
• Price of goods or services;
• Consumer preferences;
• Exclusion of in-house production;
• Existence of specialized producers;
• Classification of industrial products.

What is prohibited under the Competition Act?

Anti-competitive Agreements The Act prohibits any agreement connected with production, supply, distribution, storage, and acquisition or control of goods or services as it may cause an appreciable adverse effect on the competitive affairs of India.

Can you charge different customers different prices?

Price discriminations are generally lawful, particularly if they reflect the different costs of dealing with different buyers or are the result of a seller’s attempts to meet a competitor’s offering.