What is the meaning of undulator?

What is the meaning of undulator?

An undulator is an insertion device from high-energy physics and usually part of a larger installation, a synchrotron storage ring. It consists of a periodic structure of dipole magnets. The static magnetic field is alternating along the length of the undulator with a wavelength .

How undulator works?

Undulators are a type of insertion device – an array of magnets inserted into the path of the beam which caused a change in the path. The magnets exert a magnetic field which causes the electron beam to “wiggle” as it passes through. In fact there is a special type of insertion device called a wiggler!

What is a wiggler magnet?

A wiggler is a set of dipole magnets located in a straight section that has a different field strength Bw from that of the bending magnets of the ring. They are arranged and powered in such a way that the overall bending and displacement of the electron orbit vanishes, a condition that is also realized in undulators.

What is a synchrotron used for?

A synchrotron is a large machine (about the size of a football field) that accelerates electrons to almost the speed of light. As the electrons are deflected through magnetic fields they create extremely bright light. The light is channelled down beamlines to experimental workstations where it is used for research.

What is bending magnet?

In a medical linear accelerator a bending magnet is used to bend the electron beam produced by the accelerator tube, in the treatment direction. For each electron energy the strength of the magnetic field has to be set to a specific level.

How does a free electron laser work?

Free Electron Laser (FEL) sources result from the interaction of an optical wave and a relativistic electron bunch, leading to an energy exchange between the light pulses and the relativistic electrons. The light amplification is accompanied by an increase in the energy spread of the beam, the so-called laser heating.

How do synchrotrons produce light?

Synchrotrons use electricity to produce intense beams of light more than a million times brighter than the sun. The light is produced when high-energy electrons are forced to travel in a circular orbit inside the synchrotron tunnels by the ‘synchronised’ application of strong magnetic fields..

What is the difference between cyclotron and synchrotron?

A cyclotron uses a constant magnetic field and a constant frequency electric field, whereas a synchrotron uses varying electric and magnetic fields and can accelerate particles to much higher energies. A cyclotron can fit in a room. A synchrotron is often the size of a football field.

What are dipoles in magnets?

magnetic dipole, generally a tiny magnet of microscopic to subatomic dimensions, equivalent to a flow of electric charge around a loop. Electrons circulating around atomic nuclei, electrons spinning on their axes, and rotating positively charged atomic nuclei all are magnetic dipoles.

How do dipole magnets work?

The dipole magnets are used to bend the path of the electrons as they travel around the ring. Charged particles travelling in a magnetic field change direction. The stronger the current applied to the electromagnets, the more the electron beam is bent.

Can you make a gamma ray laser?

Creating a gamma ray laser requires manipulating positronium, a hydrogen-like atom that is a mixture of matter and antimatter — in particular, of electrons and their antiparticles known as positrons. The collision of a positron with an electron results in the production of gamma ray photons.

What type of laser has the widest frequency range?

free-electron laser
The free-electron laser has the widest frequency range of any laser type, and can be widely tunable, currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz radiation and infrared, to the visible spectrum, to ultraviolet, to X-rays.

How accurate is a wiggler?

This style of edge finder is considered to be the most accurate, and its accuracy can be further improved through the use of a collet. In proper setups, a repeatability of 0.0002 in (0.0051 mm) or better can be obtained.

Are synchrotrons particle accelerators?

A synchrotron is a type of circular particle accelerator. It works by accelerating charged particles (electrons) through sequences of magnets until they reach almost the speed of light. These fast-moving electrons produce very bright light, called synchrotron light.

What do synchrotrons do?