What are the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

What are the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

Triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, especially atherosclerosis (9,10). Reduced concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased triglycerides have been shown to be responsible for the genesis of atherosclerotic lesions (17).

What are the 5 stages of atherosclerosis?

Atherogenesis can be divided into five key steps, which are 1) endothelial dysfunction, 2) formation of lipid layer or fatty streak within the intima, 3) migration of leukocytes and smooth muscle cells into the vessel wall, 4) foam cell formation and 5) degradation of extracellular matrix.

How does atherosclerosis develop Pubmed?

Atherosclerosis mainly develops through the continuous process of arterial wall lesions due to lipid retention by trapping in the intima by a matrix such as proteoglycans resulting in a modification which, in turn, aggravates chronic inflammation at vulnerable sites in the arteries and plays an important role at all …

What is atherosclerosis write its etiology and pathophysiology?

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls. This buildup is called plaque. The plaque can cause arteries to narrow, blocking blood flow. The plaque can also burst, leading to a blood clot.

What is atherosclerosis Pubmed?

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the large arteries. The anatomy of a normal artery is shown in Fig. 1. The early lesions of atherosclerosis consist of subendothelial accumulations of cholesterol-engorged macrophages, called ‘foam cells’.

What is the biochemical basis of atherosclerosis?

The molecular mechanism of atherosclerosis begins when injured endothelial cells start to increase the expression of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which assist the progress of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and …

What is the first stage of atherosclerosis?

Stage 1: Endothelial damage and immune response Atherosclerosis begins when damage occurs to the inner layer of your artery wall. This layer is called the intima. The surface of your intima is lined with endothelial cells. This thin lining, called the endothelium, is the barrier between your blood and your artery wall.

What is the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease?

Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries). Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time. This process is called atherosclerosis.

What is the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis quizlet?

– presence of focal thickenings (plaques) of the innermost layer (intima) of elastic and muscular arteries known as atheroschlerotic lesions. – when plaques form, the lumen of the artery becomes narrowed and there is less room for blood to flow through.

How atherosclerosis is diagnosed?

Your doctor may order a heart imaging test to take pictures of your heart and find problems in blood flow in the heart or coronary arteries. Examples of heart imaging tests used to diagnose atherosclerosis appear below. Angiography is a special type of X-ray using a dye.

What is the treatment of atherosclerosis?

Here are some medications used to treat atherosclerosis: Statins and other cholesterol drugs. Aggressively lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol — the “bad” cholesterol — can slow, stop or even reverse the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries.

What is atherosclerosis PDF?

Atherosclerosis is hardening of a blood vessel from a buildup of plaque. Plaque is made of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and calcium. Plaque buildup causes the artery to narrow and harden. Plaque buildup can slow and even stop blood flow.

What is the epidemiology of atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a chronic arterial disease and a major cause of vascular death. Fatty streaks in arterial walls gradually develop into atheroma and characteristic plaques. The acute rupture of these atheromatous plaques causes local thrombosis, leading to partial or total occlusion of the affected artery.

What is the mechanism for plaque formation in atherosclerosis?

Lipoprotein-Driven Inflammation LDLs cause atherosclerosis by accumulating in the arterial intima where they may be modified by oxidation and aggregation. The modified LDLs, and oxidized lipid moieties deriving from them, in turn act as chronic stimulators of the innate and adaptive immune response.

What is a primary characteristic of atherosclerosis?