What is the difference between Bessemer and open hearth process?
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What is the difference between Bessemer and open hearth process?
The average ni- trogen content of the steels produced is about half that in ordinary commercial open hearth material. The Bessemer process cost for fluxes and fettling is almost four times that of the open hearth, but the open hearth is substantially higher in fuel, mainte- nance, and mixer costs.
Who created the open hearth process?
Sir William Siemens
Sir William Siemens invented the open-hearth furnace, which could produce and sustain much higher temperatures than any other furnace. Martin obtained a license to build such furnaces and developed a method of producing steel by using scrap steel and pig iron. His steel products were awarded a Gold Medal at…
What replaced the open hearth process?
electric arc furnace
Though the open-hearth process has been almost completely replaced in most industrialized countries by the basic oxygen process and the electric arc furnace, it nevertheless accounts for about one-sixth of all steel produced worldwide.
What did open hearth furnaces allow or create?
The open hearth furnace is capable of producing large quantities of steel, handling 150–300 tonnes in a single melt. It consists of a shallow bath, roofed in, and set above two brick-lined heating chambers. At the ends are openings for heated air and fuel (gas or oil) to be introduced into the furnace.
What are the advantages of open hearth process?
Open hearth process is a slow process and easy to control. We can minimize the slag due to the low speed and high efficiency of the process. The process is controlled and all the carbon need not be burned, unlike Bessemer process, hence being able to stop the process when required carbon contents are achieved.
What is the meaning of open hearth furnace?
noun. (esp formerly) a steel-making reverbatory furnace in which pig iron and scrap are contained in a shallow hearth and heated by producer gas.
What are the advantages of open-hearth process?
When was the open-hearth invented?
The open-hearth process of steel making was first developed in Europe by Siemens in England and Martin Brothers in France. The process was introduced to the United States in 1868. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation first went into open-hearth production in 1895 when it constructed two 40-ton basic furnaces.
Are open hearth furnaces still used?
The last open-hearth furnace in the former East Germany was stopped in 1993. In the US, steel production using the Bessemer process ended in 1968 and the open-hearth furnaces had stopped by 1992.
What is the advantage of open-hearth process?
The advantages of open-hearth production are great flexibility, the possibility of using the process on any production scale, less stringent requirements for the initial materials, the relative simplicity of monitoring and control of the smelting process, the high quality and wide variety of smelted steels, and the …
What was the significance of the open-hearth process quizlet?
The open-hearth process was another process that worked in conjunction with the Bessemer process. These techniques made possible to production of steel in great quantities and large dimensions.
What is the meaning of open-hearth furnace?
Why is open-hearth process more advantageous than Bessemer process of manufacture of steel?
Does can be used as fuel in open hearth furnace?
Explanation: Only gaseous fuels are used for the burning process in an open hearth furnace. Peat is a very basic form of coal and cannot be used as a fuel here. 8.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the open hearth furnace?
The basic open hearth furnace, the world’s greatest steel producer at present, suffers under the disadvantage of greater cost of operation than the Bessemer converter, due chiefly to costs for fuel, labor and repairs.
Why were the Bessemer process and the open hearth process important quizlet?
The Bessemer method consisted of blowing air through molten iron to burn out the impurities. The open-hearth process was another process that worked in conjunction with the Bessemer process. These techniques made possible to production of steel in great quantities and large dimensions.
What is the meaning of Bessemer process?
Definition of Bessemer process : a process of making steel from pig iron by burning out carbon and other impurities by means of a blast of air forced through the molten metal.
What is the purpose of a open hearth process?
The furnace. The open-hearth furnace (OHF) uses the heat of combustion of gaseous or liquid fuels to convert a charge of scrap and liquid blast-furnace iron to liquid steel. The high flame temperature required for melting is obtained by preheating the combustion air and, sometimes, the fuel gas.
Are open-hearth furnaces still used?
What was the significance of the open hearth process quizlet?
