What are the routes of drug elimination?
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What are the routes of drug elimination?
Drug excretion is the removal of drugs from the body, either as a metabolite or unchanged drug. There are many different routes of excretion, including urine, bile, sweat, saliva, tears, milk, and stool. By far, the most important excretory organs are the kidney and liver.
What is the most common route of drug elimination?
Renal excretion is the most common route of drug elimination. However, many drugs are excreted into bile via the liver and some volatile substances (primarily gaseous anesthetics) can be excreted via the lungs.
What are the two most important sites for drug elimination?
Drug elimination is usually divided into two major components: excretion and biotransformation. Drug excretion is the removal of the intact drug. Nonvolatile drugs are excreted mainly by renal excretion, a process in which the drug passes through the kidney to the bladder and ultimately into the urine.
What is the main method of renal elimination of a drug?
Renal elimination of drugs involves three physiological processes: glomerular filtration, proximal tubular secretion, and distal tubular reabsorption. Glomerular filtration: Free drug flows out of the body and into the urine-to-be as part of the glomerular filtrate.
What is first order elimination?
Definition. First-order elimination kinetics depends on the concentration of only one reactant (drug) and a constant fraction of the drug in the body is eliminated per unit time. The rate of elimination is proportional to the amount of drug in the body. The majority of drugs are eliminated in this way.
What is the main route of elimination for antibiotics?
Both unchanged antibiotics and antibiotic metabolites are removed from the body by excretion pathways. Excretion from the kidneys (as urine) is a major route of drug elimination; excretion into the bile (as feces) from the liver is another.
Which of the following is the major route by which drugs are eliminated from the body quizlet?
The process of removing a drug of its metabolites from the body occurs primarily in the urine. What are the routes of excretion from the body? Urine, sweat & saliva, tears, bile, breast milk and expired air.
What is renal route?
Renal excretion is the major route of elimination from the body for most drugs. Drug disposition by the kidneys includes glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption (Fig.
How are drugs filtered through the kidneys?
Drugs and/or their metabolised products are transported by the capillaries to the kidney tubule. Some drugs enter the tubule by glomerular filtration at the renal corpuscle. This acts like a sieve allowing small drugs and those not bound to plasma protein to filter from the blood into the Bowman’s capsule.
What is zero order elimination of drugs?
Zero-order kinetics: Elimination of a constant quantity of the drug per unit time independent of the concentration of the drug. With a few drugs, such as aspirin, ethanol, and phenytoin, the doses are very large.
How are antibiotics eliminated?
Most antibiotics and their metabolites are excreted by humans after administration and therefore reach the municipal sewage with the excretions.
What are the two primary routes for drug excretion quizlet?
2 types of elimination are excretion and metabolism by the kidney and liver.
What is non renal routes of drug excretion?
Various routes are- ❑ Biliary Excretion. ❑ Pulmonary Excretion. ❑ Salivary Excretion. ❑ Mammary Excretion. ❑ Skin/dermal Excretion.
What is the first order elimination?
What is a 3rd order reaction?
A third-order reaction is a chemical reaction where the rate of reaction is proportional to the concentration of each reacting molecules. In this reaction, the rate is usually determined by the variation of three concentration terms.
What is meant by zero order reaction?
Definition of zero-order reaction : a chemical reaction in which the rate of reaction is constant and independent of the concentration of the reacting substances — compare order of a reaction.
