How does Streptococcus pneumoniae affect the respiratory system?

How does Streptococcus pneumoniae affect the respiratory system?

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It causes a wide variety of diseases ranging from pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, septicemia, and sinusitis to comparatively benign soft tissue infections. The pneumococcus can also colonize the upper respiratory tract.

Is Streptococcus pneumoniae aerobic or anaerobic?

Streptococcus pneumoniae are lancet-shaped, gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria with more than 100 known serotypes. Most S.

Is strep aerobic or anaerobic?

Streptococci are gram-positive aerobic organisms that cause many disorders, including pharyngitis, pneumonia, wound and skin infections, sepsis, and endocarditis. Symptoms vary with the organ infected. Sequelae of infections due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci may include rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis.

What crucial feature of a penicillin is involved in its mechanism of action?

Penicillin kills susceptible bacteria by specifically inhibiting the transpeptidase that catalyzes the final step in cell wall biosynthesis, the cross-linking of peptidoglycan.

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?

Penicillins are bactericidal agents that exert their mechanism of action by inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and by inducing a bacterial autolytic effect.

How does Streptococcus pneumoniae gets its energy?

Streptococcus pneumoniae uses fermentation to produce energy via converting glucose into lactic acid. Furthermore, Streptococcus pneumoniae utilizes extracellular enzyme systems in order to obtain carbon and nitrogen, and these processes damage host tissue and permit S.

What strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistant to antibiotics?

pneumoniae, most clinical isolates with high-level β-lactam resistance belong to serotypes 6B, 9V, 14, 19F, or 23F. These isolates often belong to clonal strains that have acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics and have been widely disseminated—throughout the world, in some cases.

What is the mechanism of antibiotic resistance?

The main mechanisms of resistance are: limiting uptake of a drug, modification of a drug target, inactivation of a drug, and active efflux of a drug. These mechanisms may be native to the microorganisms, or acquired from other microorganisms.

What mechanisms might arise to allow resistance to the B lactam antibiotics?

Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics predominantly occurs through one of two mechanisms: 1) the production of β-lactamases, which is the most common resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria, or 2) the production of an altered PBP with a lower affinity for most β-lactam antibiotics.

How does Streptococcus pneumoniae get energy?

Is Group B Strep aerobic or anaerobic?

facultative anaerobe
Strep agalactiae has a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, which takes in purple dye when Gram stained – so this is a gram-positive bacteria. It’s non-motile and doesn’t form spores, and also, it’s a facultative anaerobe, meaning that it can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic environments.

Is strep pyogenes a facultative anaerobe?

pyogenes is a facultative anaerobe and is grown at 37°C in either ambient air or in 5–10% CO2. Like all streptococci, GAS is both catalase and oxidase negative.

What is the mechanism of action for penicillin and cephalosporin?

The most important mechanism of resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins is β-lactamase mediated hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring, resulting in inactivation of the antibiotic. These enzymes are often referred to as penicillinase or cephalosporinase, depending on the drug on which they act.