What are the factors that affect drug distribution?

What are the factors that affect drug distribution?

Several factors impact drug distribution. These factors include the concentration of drug transporters in blood, pH, perfusion, body water composition, body fat composition, and most certainly disease conditions (e.g., volume depletion, burns, third spacing).

What is drug distribution determined by?

The distribution of a drug between tissues is dependent on vascular permeability, regional blood flow, cardiac output and perfusion rate of the tissue and the ability of the drug to bind tissue and plasma proteins and its lipid solubility.

What determines the degree of movement of a drug between body compartments?

Movement of drug between different compartments (distribution/redistribution) is determined by the concentration gradient between compartments and the inter-compartmental clearance.

What factors affect volume of distribution?

The major determinants of Vd are drug properties which affect protein binding and tissue binding. These consist of molecule size, charge, pKa, and the lipid/water partition coefficient.

What are the factors affecting distribution channel?

Top 6 Factors Affecting Channel Distribution

• a. Perishability of Product:
• b. Technical Aspects:
• c. New v/s Existing Product:
• d. Complexity and Risk Related to Use of Product:
• e. Size of Product:
• f. Divisibility of Product:
• g. Unit Price of Product:
• h. Legal Aspect:

What factors will affect absorption and distribution of a drug?

Drug absorption depends on the lipid solubility of the drug, its formulation and the route of administration. A drug needs to be lipid soluble to penetrate membranes unless there is an active transport system or it is so small that it can pass through the aqueous channels in the membrane.

What are the different types of drug distribution system?

Drug Distribution Methods

• Ward – controlled system.
• Pharmacy controlled imprest based system.
• Pharmacy controlled patient issue system.

How does pH affect drug distribution?

Urine pH is a great influence on whether a drug is excreted quickly or slowly and in some clinical situations is manipulated to control the excretion of certain drugs from the body. Most drugs are either weak acids or weak bases. In alkaline urine, acidic drugs are more readily ionised.

Which drug has highest volume of distribution?

Examples

What are the determinants in selecting channel types?

Channel of Distribution: 6 Factors to Consider While Selecting a Channel of Distribution

• (1) The Nature of the Product:
• (2) The Nature of the market:
• (3) The Nature of Middlemen:
• (4) The nature and size of the manufacturing unit:
• (5) Government Regulations and Policies:
• (6) Competition:

What properties of a drug are required for absorption?

For drug absorption to occur, a drug must cross biologic barriers (e.g. epithelial/endothelial cells, etc.). Only a few drugs move across cellular barriers in an “active” way; that is, a way that requires energy (ATP) and moves the drug from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.

Why is drug distribution important?

Understanding drug distribution is important in establishing: The amount of drug available to the target organ to produce action. The amount of drug distribution to nontarget organs that could potentially result in an adverse drug reaction. The loading dose of drugs.

How does pKa affect drug distribution?

The pKa of a drug influences lipophilicity, solubility, protein binding and permeability which in turn directly affects pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics such as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME)1–5.

What factors affect pharmacodynamics?

Disorders that affect pharmacodynamic responses include genetic mutations, thyrotoxicosis, malnutrition, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson disease, and some forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus….A drug’s pharmacodynamics can be affected by physiologic changes due to:

• A disorder or disease.
• Aging process.
• Other drugs.