What does IFN-gamma stimulate?
Table of Contents
What does IFN-gamma stimulate?
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a cytokine critical to both innate and adaptive immunity, and functions as the primary activator of macrophages, in addition to stimulating natural killer cells and neutrophils.
Does Th1 produce IFN-gamma?
Th1 cells produce IL-2, IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), and promote both macrophage activation resulting in DTH, and production of complement-fixing and -opsonizing antibodies.
What is IFN-gamma response?
Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) is a cytokine that plays an important role in inducing and modulating an array of immune responses.
What do Th1 cells respond to?
Table 3. Cytokines secreted by Th1 cells and their functions.
| Cytokines and markers expressed by Th1 cells | Functions |
|---|---|
| FASL | Activates death receptor signaling in FAS containing targets |
| LTα, LTβ | Activates neutrophil killing to eliminate pathogens; also has a role in inflammation |
What is the role of IFN?
Interferons were first described as an antiviral factor that interferes with viral replication in mammalian cells (10). They are secreted from infected cells and activate innate immune response that promotes not only cytokine production but also natural killer cell functions and antigen presentation (11, 12).
What does IFN-gamma do to macrophages?
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) primes macrophages for enhanced microbial killing and inflammatory activation by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), but little is known about the regulation of cell metabolism or mRNA translation during this priming.
What stimulates Th1 response?
Th1 responses. The major effector cytokine produced by Th1 cells is IFN-α. Macrophages are stimulated by IFN-α to phagocytose and generate oxidative bursts that aid intracellular killing of microbes.
What are Th1 and Th2 responses?
TH1 immune response refers to the cytokine-mediated immune response generated by TH1 cells against intracellular parasites such as bacteria and virus, while TH2 immune response refers to the cytokine-mediated immune response generated by TH2 cells against large, extracellular parasites such as helminths.
What does Type 1 IFN do?
Within the immunological milieu, Type I interferons (IFN-I) play a central role in driving an antiviral state in non-immune cells as well as orchestrating antiviral immune responses through: (i) inhibiting viral replication in infected cells in the innate stage of the immune response; (ii) activating and enhancing …
Is IFN-gamma inflammatory?
Abstract. IFN-gamma has long been recognized as a signature proinflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in inflammation and autoimmune disease. There is now emerging evidence indicating that IFN-gamma possesses unexpected properties as a master regulator of immune responses and inflammation.
Do T cells produce IFN-gamma?
The pleiotropic cytokine IFN-γ is produced primarily by activated T cells and NK cells. The cellular effects of IFN-γ are mediated by its heterodimeric cell surface receptor IFN-γR. The IFN-γR is comprised of α- and β-chains, both of which belong to the class II family of cytokine receptors (1, 2).
Is IFN gamma is pro inflammatory cytokine?
IFN-γ is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in Th1-driven immune responses. However, several studies have reported discrepant results regarding the role of IFN-γ in autoimmune disease.
What produces IFN-gamma?
IFN-γ is produced predominantly by natural killer cells (NK) and natural killer T cells (NKT) as part of the innate immune response, and by CD4 Th1 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops as part of the adaptive immune response.
How does Th1 immune response work?
Th1 and Th2 cells play an important role in immunity. Th1 cells stimulate cellular immune response, participate in the inhibition of macrophage activation and stimulate B cells to produce IgM, IgG1. Th2 stimulates humoral immune response, promotes B cell proliferation and induces antibody production (IL-4).
Is IFN-gamma A type 1 interferon?
Type II IFN, known as IFN-γ, while sharing a similar nomenclature to type I IFN, signals through a different receptor and has effects that are independent from type I IFN. As a part of the innate immune response, they are predominantly produced by natural killer cells during infection (2).
