What does the cyclin D1 gene do?

What does the cyclin D1 gene do?

Cyclin D1 is an important regulator of cell cycle progression and can function as a transcriptionl co-regulator. The overexpression of cyclin D1 has been linked to the development and progression of cancer.

What does cyclin D1 positive mean?

Positive expression of cyclin D1 suggests good prognosis, and can be used as an indicator for the evaluation of the prognosis of breast cancer. Keywords: Breast cancer, cyclin D1, molecular subtype, prognosis.

How does cyclin D1 affect the cell cycle?

Cyclin D1 plays a central role in the regulation of proliferation, linking the extracellular signaling environment to cell cycle progression [1]. The expression level of cyclin D1 is highly responsive to the action of proliferative signals including growth factor receptors, Ras, and their downstream effectors.

What does cyclin D1 stand for?

Cyclin D1 is a protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. During the G1 phase, it is synthesized rapidly and accumulates in the nucleus, and is degraded as the cell enters the S phase. Cyclin D1 is a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.

Is cyclin D1 a tumor suppressor?

Cyclin D1 was not only able to inhibit mammary tumors arising in MMTV-c-neu mice, but also suppressed tumorigenesis in mice carrying a mutant constitutively active c-neu oncogene (Bowe, Kenney, Adereth, & Maroulakou, 2002).

Why is cyclin D1 an oncogene?

The cyclin D1 proto-oncogene is an important regulator of G1 to S-phase transition and an important cofactor for several transcription factors in numerous cell types.

What is cyclin D1 in lymphoma?

Cyclin D1 is a useful marker for distinguishing mantle cell lymphoma from other types of small B-cell lymphoma. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in mantle cell lymphoma is due to the t(11;14)(q13;q32)/CCND1-IGH translocation/fusion. However, it is also found to be overexpressed in other hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors.

How is cyclin D1 activated?

Once associated and activated, the cyclin D1/CDK complexes drive the cell cycle entry and G1 phase progression in response to extracellular signals. To ensure their timely and accurate activation during cell cycle progression, cyclin D1 turnover is finely controlled by phosphorylation and ubiquitination.

Is cyclin D1 an oncogene?

Cyclin D1 is now recognized as one of the more important human oncogenes, involved in the pathogenesis of multiple tumor types. In mantle cell B-cell lymphomas, the upstream cyclin D1 gene region is rearranged with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene enhancer on chromosome 14.

Is cyclin D an oncogene or tumor suppressor?

Cyclin D1 is a recognized oncogene involved in direct phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and promoting cell cycle transition from G1 to S.

Why is cyclin A proto oncogene?

Background. The cyclin D1 proto-oncogene is an important regulator of G1 to S-phase transition and an important cofactor for several transcription factors in numerous cell types.

What does negative cyclin D1 mean?

Cyclin D1-negative MCL seem to express high levels of cyclin D2 or D3 which, in some cases, are associated with translocations of these genes. 12–14 These cyclins are also expressed at lower levels in other B-cell lymphomas.

What form of B-cell lymphoma has a cyclin D1 rearrangement?

What causes cyclin D levels to increase?

In eukaryotes, overexpression of translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) leads to an increased level of cyclin D protein and increased amount of cyclin D mRNA outside of the nucleus. This is because eIF4E promotes the export of cyclin D mRNAs out of the nucleus.

Is mantle cell lymphoma bcl2 positive?

Bcl-2 protein was positive in 36.4% (16 of 44) of cases (62.5% of follicular lymphoma, 16.7% of mantle cell lymphoma and 30% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma); the positive group implying a bad prognostic effect of the marker in NHL.

What are the symptoms of mantle cell lymphoma?

What are the symptoms of mantle cell lymphoma?

• Loss of appetite and weight.
• Fever.
• Night sweats.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, or groin.
• Heartburn, belly pain, or bloating.
• A sense of fullness or discomfort from enlarged tonsils, liver, or spleen.