What is cyanine dye used for?

What is cyanine dye used for?

Cyanine dyes are used to label proteins, antibodies, peptides, nucleic acid probes, and any kind of other biomolecules to be used in a variety of fluorescence detection techniques: Flow cytometry, Microscopy (mainly Visible range, but also UV, IR), Microplate assays, Microarrays, as well as “light-up Probes,” and in …

What is hemicyanine?

Hemicyanine is a group of acentric cation-type dyes, in which one side of the conjugated chain is composed of a quaternary nitrogen-containing heterocycle, and the other side of the conjugated chain is connected to substituted nitrogen through an aryl ring.

What is a polymethine chain?

: any of a class of dyes (as cyanines or merocyanines) characterized by a resonance structure containing a conjugated chain of carbon atoms that is at least in part an open chain [as in −CH(=CH−CH)n=] attached to two polar atoms (as two amino nitrogen atoms either one of which is considered to be positively charged)

Is cyanine dye toxic?

While the tumor-specific accumulation of polymethine cyanine dyes reduces their nonspecific toxicity, low levels of systemic toxicity remain due to the cytotoxicity of unexcited molecules28.

What does cyanine mean?

Definition of cyanine : any of various dyes used especially to sensitize photographic film to light from the green, yellow, red, and infrared regions of the spectrum.

Who discovered cyanine dyes?

Williams
Cyanine dyes were first reported by Williams in 1856. Through the connection of two nitrogen-contained heterocycles by olefinic bonds, the sophisticated conjugated system induced high molar absorption coefficient in the visible-to-NIR region.

Is fluorescein toxic to cells?

Fluorescein is a widely used, FDA-approved fluorescent dye. Based on the existing data, it can have toxic effects in cell culture and on patients at high doses.

What does Cy3 stand for?

Cy3 (Sulfo-Cyanine3) is an orange-fluorescent label for protein and nucleic acid (λex=554, λem=568).

What is fluorescein dye used for?

Fluorescein is a dye used particularly as a fluorescent agent in diagnostic procedures at various levels. The remarkable fluorescence of fluorescein permits considerable insight into the identification of non-diseased tissues, tumor-affected tissues, or histological markers.

What color is Cy3?

Invitrogen Cy3 dye is a bright, orange-fluorescent dye that can be excited using the 532 nm laser line and visualized with TRITC (tetramethylrhodamine) filter sets. In addition to immunocytochemistry applications, Cy3 dye is commonly used to label nucleic acids.

What is fluorescent dye made of?

These fluorescent dyes are often used for organic media. Sulfonated cyanines – This group consists of sulfo-Cy3, sulfo-Cy5, and sulfo-Cy7. As the name suggests, these cyanines are characterized by a sulfo-group that contributes to the dissolution of the dye molecules in the aqueous phase.