What is p53 independent apoptosis?
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What is p53 independent apoptosis?
The p53 gene encodes a transcription factor that can regulate cell proliferation and survival by modulating transcription of downstream target genes, inducing either G1 arrest or apoptosis (1, 10–13). p53 is activated to promote G1 arrest or apoptosis by several stimuli, the most well characterized being DNA damage.
How does p53 cause cell death?
P53 forms a homotetrameric transcription factor that is reported to directly regulate ~500 target genes, thereby controlling a broad range of cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, cell senescence, DNA repair, metabolic adaptation and cell death.
Is p53 a marker for apoptosis?
The p53 protein is an important factor of many intra- and extracellular processes. This protein regulates the repair of cellular DNA and induces apoptosis. It is also responsible for the regulation of the senescence and the cell entering the subsequent stages of the cellular cycle.
Can p53 trigger cell death?
Abstract. The p53 tumor suppressor continues to hold distinction as the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. The ability of p53 to induce programmed cell death, or apoptosis, of cells exposed to environmental or oncogenic stress constitutes a major pathway whereby p53 exerts its tumor suppressor function.
Can apoptosis occur without p53?
p53-independent apoptosis may be able to compensate in the absence of p53 function to eliminate aneuploid cells, while p53-dependent apoptosis may play a more critical role in eliminating cells with genetic damage that is not associated with aneuploidy.
What is the role of p53 in cells?
The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing (proliferating) too fast or in an uncontrolled way.
How does p53 detect DNA damage?
On DNA damage, p53 is phosphorylated by DNA-PK and RPA is phosphorylated by both ATM at ATR at two sites. Only together can these phosphorylation events disrupt the p53-RPA interaction, liberating both proteins to carry out their DNA-damage-associated functions.
What is the role of p53 in cell cycle?
What happens to p53 when DNA is damaged?
p53 levels are increased in response to DNA damage Levels of p53 rise dramatically within minutes of a cell sustaining DNA damage. This is achieved through post-translational modifications of the p53 polypeptide, with no dramatic induction of p53 mRNA levels being evident after DNA damage (Kastan et al., 1991).
What is the role of p53 in cell-cycle?
It controls several genes that play a role in the arrest of the cell cycle, cellular senescence, DNA repair system, and apoptosis. P53 plays a crucial role in supporting DNA repair by arresting the cell cycle to purchase time for the repair system to restore genome stability.
