What is phenocopy effect?

What is phenocopy effect?

A phenocopy is a variation in phenotype (generally referring to a single trait) which is caused by environmental conditions (often, but not necessarily, during the organism’s development), such that the organism’s phenotype matches a phenotype which is determined by genetic factors.

What is phenocopy give an example?

For example, breast cancer in a hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome family member who does not carry the family’s BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation would be considered a phenocopy.

What is a phenocopy in English?

Definition of phenocopy : a phenotypic variation that is caused by unusual environmental conditions and resembles the normal expression of a genotype other than its own.

What causes phenocopy?

The list of conditions that cause HCM phenocopy is extensive and involves metabolic diseases, such as Refsum disease, glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease), Niemann-Pick disease, Gaucher disease, hereditary hemochromatosis, and CD36 deficiency.

What is Genocopy and phenocopy?

Genocopy refers to the phenomenon of giving a similar phenotype despite having a different genotype. In contrast, phenocopy refers to the phenomenon of having varying phenotypes despite the genotype remaining unchanged.

Why is phenocopy important?

As more the critical role of phenocopy emerges, the more the initial difficulty in detecting gene-gene interactions is amplified. Neglecting the possible presence of phenocopies in complex traits, heavily affects the analysis of their genetic data.

What is phenocopy and Genocopy?

What is the disadvantage of phenocopy?

Because of its character as a residual factor, phenocopy can add a lot of noise (variation) into experimental data and can consequently complicate a genetic analysis. And, a phenocopy can wreak havoc on studies of hereditary patterns in families.

What is an example of pleiotropy?

One of the most widely cited examples of pleiotropy in humans is phenylketonuria (PKU). This disorder is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is necessary to convert the essential amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine.

What is pleiotropy effect?

Pleiotropy is a phenomenon increasingly recognized by the usage of hypothesis-free exome sequencing rather than candidate gene approaches to identify novel disease genes. It refers to the effect that mutations in one and the same gene may lead to multiple, seemingly unrelated diseases.

What is meant by pleiotropic effects?

Though pleiotropic effects are defined as a single gene affecting multiple systems or determining more than one phenotype, lately statin pleiotropy is referred as statins exerting multiple pharmacological activities.

What is pleiotropy effect with suitable example?

In genetics, Pleiotropy is defined as the expression of multiple traits by a single gene. Pleiotropy is derived from a Greek word meaning more ways. A simple example of a Pleiotropy is phenylketonuria is a disease. It is a genetic disorder caused by the low metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine in the body cells.

What is pleiotropy give example?

Pleiotropy is a condition in which a single gene has multiple phenotypic expressions. E.g. Phenylketonuria is caused by a single gene defect but causes multiple effects such as mental retardation, hypopigmentation of hair and skin.

What is pleiotropy effect with example?

Examples of Pleiotropy. In some instances of pleiotropy, the influence of the single gene may be direct. For example, if a mouse is born blind due to any number of single-gene traits (Chang et al., 2002), it is not surprising that this mouse would also do poorly in visual learning tasks.

What pleiotropy means?

Definition of pleiotropy genetics. : the phenomenon of a single gene influencing two or more distinct phenotypic traits : the quality or state of being pleiotropic In genetics, there’s a concept called pleiotropy, which posits that a single gene can influence multiple traits. [