What kind of anesthesia is used for thyroid surgery?

What kind of anesthesia is used for thyroid surgery?

Patients will receive general anesthesia. With this type of anesthesia, you are completely asleep during the operation, and you will have a breathing tube placed temporarily to protect your airway and lungs.

What is Retrosternal extension of thyroid?

The thyroid gland is normally located at the front of the neck. A retrosternal thyroid refers to the abnormal location of all or part of the thyroid gland below the breastbone (sternum).

Where is Retrosternal located?

Retrosternal means behind the breastbone, or sternum. Retrosternal chest pain, therefore, is a pain that occurs inside the chest. Although it’s likely that pain behind the breastbone relates to the organs located there, such as the heart and esophagus, sometimes the pain originates elsewhere but is felt in this area.

Does thyroid surgery require intubation?

Emergent: Thyroid surgery is rarely an emergency. However, some patients with stridor due to thyroid disease may present for emergency thyroidectomy to improve a critically obstructed airway. Patients may require emergency intubation and/or tracheostomy in cases involving tracheomalacia.

Can thyroid surgery be done under local anesthesia?

Most of the available literature indicates that thyroidectomy under local anesthesia and superficial cervical block is both safe and effective.

Can a thyroid be removed under local anesthesia?

Abstract. The local anesthesia in thyroid surgery is rarely used, only in selected patients. Majority of centers performing thyroid surgery with local anesthesia have possibility to convert to the general anesthesia.

What is the difference between Substernal and Retrosternal?

If the thyroid gland grows inferiorly and passes through the thoracic inlet into the thoracic cavity, it is termed a “substernal goiter.” An alternative term is “retrosternal goiter”.

What causes Retrosternal thyroid?

This may arise from haemorrhage within the thyroid gland or secondary to prolonged mechanical pressure with acute laryngeal oedema and congestion. Although generally thought to be an uncommon complication, in some series of patients with retrosternal goitres acute problems occur with an incidence of between 5–11%.

Why is general anesthesia used for thyroidectomy?

The advantages of general anaesthesia are well known. These are; total loss of awareness of the surgical procedure by the patient; immobile operative field for the surgeon, and controlled airways for the anaesthesiologist.

Why local anesthesia is contraindicated in hyperthyroidism?

Epinephrine and other vasoconstrictors in local anesthetic drugs cause cardiovascular stimulation, and hyperthyroid patients can develop dysrhythmias, tachycardia, and thyrotoxic crisis when administered these drugs.

Can you be awake during thyroid surgery?

Conclusion: Awake thyroidectomy is a well-tolerated and safe procedure in appropriately selected patients, with many potential benefits over general anesthesia. In most cases, only local anesthesia is required. Increased experience with this technique may be associated with increased patient comfort.

What is Substernal thyroid?

A condition in which the thyroid gland (located in the lower neck) or masses inside the gland grow downward into the upper chest is called substernal thyroid or substernal goiter. In many cases this growth can be slow, enlarging over a period of years and gradually pressing on structures such as the esophagus.

How do you treat Retrosternal goiter?

Retrosternal goitre is defined as a goitre with a portion of its mass ≥ 50% located in the mediastinum. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice and, in most cases, the goitre can be removed via a cervical approach.

Why local anesthesia is contraindicated in hypothyroidism?

Is Substernal goitre surgery safe?

As per the largest study done, the rate of sternotomy is less than 5%, the complication rates are acceptable, and the mortality is less than 1%. Thus, the outcome of substernal goiter surgery is usually good. However, the rate of complications is higher in individuals older than 60 years of age.

Is Retrosternal goitre common?

The retrosternal goiter (RSG), which can be defined by different classification and its incidence between 2% and 26% of all thyroidectomized patients, is a thyroid gland disease.

How does hypothyroidism affect anesthesia?

[1] Increased sensitivity to cardio-depressant effects of anesthetics in hypothyroidism is due to decreased intravascular volume, decreased preload, blunted baroreceptor response, and decreased cardiac output.

How do you treat Retrosternal goitre?

What is a Retrosternal nodule?

Introduction: Retrosternal goiter refers to any thyroid enlargement in which over 50% of the thyroid permanently located under the thoracic inlet or the lower pole of thyroid is not palpable with the neck in hyperextended position.

Is hypothyroidism a contraindication to surgery?

Abstract. Hypothyroidism has generally been considered a contraindication to surgery.