What chemo drug causes neurotoxicity?

What chemo drug causes neurotoxicity?

Many widely used chemotherapy drugs, including platinum-based agents (oxaliplatin, cisplatin, carboplatin), taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel), vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine), proteasome inhibitors, and thalidomide analogues may cause direct neurotoxicity and CIPN (Zajączkowska et al., 2019).

What are common side effects of chemotherapeutic agents?

Here are some of the more common side effects caused by chemotherapy:

• Fatigue.
• Hair loss.
• Easy bruising and bleeding.
• Infection.
• Anemia (low red blood cell counts)
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Appetite changes.
• Constipation.

What is chemotherapy-induced toxicity?

Chemotherapy toxicity is a common and unfortunate consequence of therapy that can occur even at usual doses. Chemotherapy acts by damaging cancer cells; however, normal cells are susceptible to damage as well, and when this occurs chemotherapy toxicity ensues. Often these toxicities warrant emergency care.

What causes CIPN?

What causes peripheral neuropathy? Some of the chemotherapy and other drugs used to treat cancer can damage peripheral nerves. When this happens it is called chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). This can be a disabling side effect of cancer treatment.

How does cisplatin cause neurotoxicity?

Chronic cisplatin administration resulted in an accelerated accumulation of unrepaired platinum-DNA adducts in DRG neurons of DNA repair-deficient mice, which induced early neurophysiological alterations and led to an increase in neuronal cell death[17].

Is chemo a neurotoxin?

Chemotherapy agents used in the standard treatments for many types of cancer are neurotoxic and can lead to lasting sensory and motor symptoms that compromise day-to-day movement functions in cancer survivors.

What cells are affected by chemotherapy?

The fast-growing normal cells most likely to be affected by chemotherapy are blood cells forming in the bone marrow, and cells in the digestive tract, reproductive system, and hair follicles. Common side effects of chemotherapy include fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, mouth sores, hair loss, and anemia.

What is most affected by chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy targets cells that rapidly divide, such as cancer cells, but it can also damage other cells in your body that rapidly divide such as hair, skin, blood, and intestinal cells.

What are the most toxic chemotherapy drugs?

Direct pairwise meta-analysis results also revealed that the gemcitabine + carboplatin chemotherapy regimen was the most toxic regimen in hematologic for AOC patients among 8 chemotherapy regimens.

Which chemotherapy drugs are cardiotoxic?

Cytostatic antibiotics of the anthracycline class are the best known of the chemotherapeutic agents that cause cardiotoxicity. Alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, cisplatin, carmustine, busulfan, chlormethine and mitomycin have also been associated with cardiotoxicity.

What is chemotherapy induced neutropenia?

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is the primary dose-limiting toxicity in patients with cancer treated with chemotherapy. It can lead to febrile neutropenia (FN), and it is associated with increased morbidity and early mortality, increased medical costs, and disruptions in potentially curative treatments.

Does vincristine cause neuropathy?

Vincristine is a core chemotherapeutic drug administered to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Despite its efficacy in treating leukemia, it can lead to severe peripheral neuropathy in a subgroup of the patients.

Why does cisplatin cause nephrotoxicity?

Cisplatin causes damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which lead to activation of both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis and necrosis. Mitochondrial energetics are also disrupted by cisplatin and may contribute to nephrotoxicity.

How is neurotoxicity treated with chemotherapy?

Treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy for patients who have completed neurotoxic chemotherapy.

1. Exercise therapy.
2. Acupuncture.
3. Scrambler therapy.
4. Gabapentin/pregabalin.
5. Topical gel treatment containing baclofen, amitriptyline HCL, plus/minus ketamine.
6. Tricyclic antidepressants.
7. Oral cannabinoids.

What happens in chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body. Chemotherapy is most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body. Many different chemotherapy drugs are available.

What chemotherapy does to the body?

Chemotherapy kills cells that are in the process of splitting into 2 new cells. Body tissues are made of billions of individual cells. Once we are fully grown, most of the body’s cells don’t divide and multiply much. They only divide if they need to repair damage.

Which chemo drugs are anthracyclines?

Anthracycline chemotherapy medicines are:

• Adriamycin (chemical name: doxorubicin)
• Ellence (chemical name: epirubicin)
• Doxil (chemical name: doxorubicin)
• daunorubicin (brand names: Cerubidine, DaunoXome)
• mitoxantrone (brand name: Novantrone)

Which of the following anticancer agents is cardiotoxic?