What is a palmar bursa?

What is a palmar bursa?

The palmar ulnar bursa is usually the larger bursa and encases the majority of the flexor tendons. It typically originates at the level of the pronator quadratus muscle and continues distally to approximately 1-3 cm proximal to the flexor tendon sheaths of digits two, three, and four.

What is flexor sheath?

Digital flexor sheaths are a closed continuous synovial system that invest the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis (Figure 2). Flexor sheath infections are caused by direct inoculation due to trauma, contiguous spread from adjacent tissues, or via haematogenous spread.

Are there bursa in the hand?

Found near the joints in the hands and wrists—and throughout the rest of the body—bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that serve as cushions between soft tissues and bones, helping to reduce friction during movement. Bursae can become inflamed through repetitive strain or a sudden impact.

What is ulnar bursa?

The ulnar bursa is the synovial tendon sheath that surrounds and reduces the friction on the tendons of wrist and finger flexors as they pass through the carpal tunnel. The ulnar bursa consists of three distinct invaginations that surround the structures of the carpal tunnel including[2]: Deep layer.

What is Pisiform bursitis?

Pisiform bursitis is a disease often forgotten in both everyday practice and medical literature. The pisiform bursa is not constant; when present, it is located between the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris and pisiform bone.

What is kanavel’s signs?

The sign consists of four components:

• the affected finger is held in slight flexion.
• there is fusiform swelling over the affected tendon.
• there is tenderness over the affected tendon.
• there is pain on passive extension of the affected finger.

What are the 4 kanavel signs?

The Kanavel cardinal signs of flexor sheath infection are a finger held in slight flexion, fusiform swelling of the affected digit, tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and pain with passive extension of the digit.

Why is bursitis so painful?

Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that cushion your tendons, ligaments, and muscles. When they work normally, bursae help the tendons, ligaments, and muscles glide smoothly over bone. But when the bursae are swollen, the area around them becomes very tender and painful.

Where is the bursa sac located in the wrist?

There are two bursas in the wrist; the radial bursa and the ulnar bursa. The radial bursa surrounds the flexor pollicis longus tendon on the thumb and palm sides of the wrist. The ulna bursa surrounds the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus muscles, more centrally on the palm side of the wrist.

How do you remove fluid from bursa?

A doctor can puncture the bursa with a hollow needle (cannula) to draw out the excess fluid. But this technique is usually not a permanent solution – even when repeated several times: The fluid quickly fills up again, and each time it is drained there is a risk that bacteria could infect the bursa.

What is space of parona?

Space of Parona (SOP) infections are rare and can potentially be a limb threatening complication of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (Figure 1). The Space of Parona is a deep potential space in the distal volar forearm first described Francesco Parona (1842–1908) in 1876.

What does bursitis look like wrist?

Bursitis is when the bursa becomes inflamed. Impaired movement, localized swelling and pain are signs of bursitis. It may even present swelling that appears like a lump on the wrist. Generally, this condition is associated with aging, but athletes and young professionals can suffer as well.