What is the mechanism of resistance in drug resistant S. pneumoniae?

What is the mechanism of resistance in drug resistant S. pneumoniae?

The mechanism of β-lactam resistance of S. pneumoniae involves genetic mutations which alter penicillin-binding protein structure, resulting in a decreased affinity for all β-lactam antibiotics.

What is the mechanism of resistance in penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae?

The mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in S. pneumoniae is genetic changes resulting in decreased binding of drug to the bacterial cell wall. Emerging PRSP strains have necessitated testing as a tool in selecting drugs for treating life-threatening infections.

What is the mechanism of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Key functions that enable Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization are: establishing the first contact with the epithelium and epithelial receptors, interaction with the complement system, mucus degradation, metal binding, impairment of neutrophil activity and the pro-inflammatory effects of the toxin pneumolysin (Ply).

What are the mechanisms of drug resistance?

The main mechanisms of resistance are: limiting uptake of a drug, modification of a drug target, inactivation of a drug, and active efflux of a drug. These mechanisms may be native to the microorganisms, or acquired from other microorganisms.

How did Streptococcus pneumoniae become antibiotic resistant?

S. pneumoniae resistance to fluoroquinolones occurs by accumulated mutations within the bacterial genome, increased efflux, or acquisition of plasmid-encoded genes. S. pneumoniae resistance has also increased for the tetracyclines.

Which of the following is the primary method of β lactam resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Alterations in the target enzymes for β-lactam antibiotics, the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), have been recognized as a major resistance mechanism in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

What mechanism is responsible for penicillin resistance?

The most important mechanism of resistance to the penicillins and cephalosporins is antibiotic hydrolysis mediated by the bacterial enzyme beta-lactamase. The expression of chromosomal beta-lactamase can either be induced or stably depressed by exposure to beta-lactam drugs.

What is the pathophysiology of pneumococcal pneumonia?

Pneumococcal pneumonia is the explosive pulmonary and systemic inflammatory consequence of a disrupted host-pathogen relationship normally compartmentalised and optimally balanced as nasopharyngeal carriage. Pathogen, host and environmental factors combine to allow proliferation of pneumococci in the alveolar space.

What are the 3 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance?

The three fundamental mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are (1) enzymatic degradation of antibacterial drugs, (2) alteration of bacterial proteins that are antimicrobial targets, and (3) changes in membrane permeability to antibiotics.

Is Streptococcus pneumoniae a drug resistance?

Drug Resistance. Some Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are resistant to one or more antibiotics. Resistance can lead to treatment failures.

Which of the following is the primary method of β-lactam resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Does Strep Pneumo have beta lactamase?

Streptococcus pneumoniae has become a paradigm for understanding the evolution of resistance mechanisms, the simplest of which, by far, is the production of beta-lactamases. As these enzymes are frequently plasmid encoded, resistance can readily be transmitted between bacteria.

How did Streptococcus pneumoniae become antibiotic-resistant?

What are the mechanism of development of microbial resistance?

What is the major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

The polysaccharide capsule is probably the most important virulence factor of the pneumococcus. The role of the capsule in virulence stems from its antiphagocytic activity [1]. Antibody to cell wall constituents of the pneumococcus becomes attached to the surface of the organism, and in turn binds complement.

What are the virulence factors of Streptococcus?

Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B …

How does Streptococcus pneumoniae evade the immune response?

In order to evade complement attack, the pneumococcus has evolved multiple virulence factors that contribute to complement resistance. A thick polysaccharide capsule acts in conjunction with several surface proteins and toxins to limit complement activation and/or accelerate complement products decay.

What are the virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Table 2