What is the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus?

What is the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus?

Human cytomegalovirus-associated interstitial pneumonia appears to derive from a combination of these two types of disease processes. Here, persistent viral infection, immunopathologic mechanisms, and virus-induced expression or repression of cellular genes each constitutes an important factor in pathogenesis.

What causes Cytomegalic inclusion?

Cytomegalic inclusion body disease (CIBD) also known as cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) is a series of signs and symptoms caused by cytomegalovirus infection, toxoplasmosis or other rare infections such as herpes or rubella viruses.

What is CVN disease?

Cytomegalovirus is a common herpes virus. Many people do not know they have it because they may have no symptoms. But the virus, which remains dormant in the body, can cause complications during pregnancy and for people with a weakened immune system.

What cells does cytomegalovirus affect?

As CMV infects vascular endothelial cells, a direct role for the virus is possible. Intriguingly, CMV CD4 T cells can express CX3CR1, which binds fractalkine expressed by activated/damaged endothelium, suggesting a mechanism by which CMV may kick-start or amplify CVD during multiple phases of infection (81, 160, 161).

What is the pathogenesis of influenza?

The primary mechanism of influenza pathophysiology is a result of lung inflammation and compromise caused by direct viral infection of the respiratory epithelium, combined with the effects of lung inflammation caused by immune responses recruited to handle the spreading virus (Table 1).

How is cytomegalovirus transmitted?

CMV is transmitted by direct contact with infectious body fluids, such as urine, saliva, blood, tears, semen, and breast milk. CMV can be transmitted sexually and through transplanted organs and blood transfusions.

What is CMV inclusion?

Similar to other herpesviruses, CMV is icosahedral and replicates in the host’s nucleus. Replication in the host cell typically manifests pathologically with large intranuclear inclusion bodies and smaller cytoplasmic inclusions, and is accompanied by the presence of CMV viral particles in the plasma.

What is CMV inclusion body?

[Inclusion bodies of human cytomegalovirus are composed of the DNA and immediately early and early antigens of the virus]

What causes choroidal neovascular membrane?

Age-related macular degeneration is the most common disease causing CNV, but other diseases that “stress” the retina, causing it to produce excess VEGF, or disrupting the barrier between the retina and choroid, can also cause CNV.

How is CMV contracted?

Although the virus is not highly communicable, it can be spread from person to person by direct contact. The virus is shed in the urine, saliva, semen and to a lesser extent in other body fluids. Transmission can also occur from an infected mother to her fetus or newborn and by blood transfusion and organ transplants.

What are the virulence factors of cytomegalovirus?

Virulence among CMV strains could differ because of genetic variation in genes that are involved in host-cell penetration, tissue tropism, or replication [3]. An example of one potential virulence factor is CMV glycoprotein B (gB), which is the major envelope glycoprotein of CMV.

How does CMV enter cells?

CMV can enter cells at the cell surface by membrane fusion/macropinocytosis in a pH-independent manner, which occurs mainly in fibroblasts, or within the endosome and/or by macropinocytosis in a pH-dependent manner14, which has been demonstrated in epithelial cells28.

What is CMV viremia?

“Viremia” is defined as the isolation of CMV by culture that involves the use of either standard or shell vial techniques. Antigenemia. “Antigenemia” is defined as the detection of CMV pp65 in leukocytes.

What causes inclusion bodies?

Inclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates which are stainable substances, usually proteins, and formed due to viral multiplication or genetic disorders in human beings these bodies are either intracellular or extracellular abnormalities and they are specific to certain diseases.