What were the Latin American independence movements?
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What were the Latin American independence movements?
A series of independence movements in the Americas in the late 1700s and early 1800s are sparked by the Enlightenment and conflict in Europe. This includes revolutions that will lead to the United States, Haiti, Mexico, Venezuela, Columbia, Panama, Bolivia, Peru, Equador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina.
When did the independence movement in Latin America start?
After three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese America. Between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest.
What led to the independence movement in Latin America?
The immediate trigger of the conflict was Napoleon’s invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) in 1807 and 1808, but its roots also lay in the growing discontent of creole elites (people of Spanish ancestry who had been born in Latin America) with the restrictions imposed by Spanish imperial rule.
What social group was most successful at leading Latin American independence movements?
creoles
In most Latin American countries, creoles led the revolutionary movements. In Mexico, ethnic and racial groups mixed more freely. There, Indians and mestizos played the leading role. Also, whereas in most Latin American countries the revolution began in the cities, in Mexico it began in the countryside.
Was the Latin American independence movements successful?
The Argentine Independence War lasted eight years from 1810-18. Its beginnings are generally traced back to the May Revolution, itself a direct reaction to the Peninsular War. This was the first successful revolution of the Latin American Independence Movements.
Where did Latin American independence movements begin?
These began shortly after the start of the French invasion of Spain during the Napoleonic Wars. Thus, the strict period of military campaigns would go from the battle of Chacaltaya (1809), in present-day Bolivia, to the battle of Tampico (1829), in Mexico.
Who helped Latin America gain independence?
Simón Bolívar
In South America, Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín led the final phase of the independence struggle.
How did Latin American countries achieve their independence?
Independence in Northern South America Bolívar fought the Spanish in Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia for several years, decisively beating them several times. By 1822, those countries were free, and Bolívar set his sights on Peru, the last and mightiest Spanish holdout on the continent.
What was the most lasting impact of the Latin American revolutions?
The last major effect of the Enlightenment were the Latin American Revolutions. Dominated by the Creoles, these movements saw Spain lose all of her major colonies in the new world. Simon Bolivar gained independence for 5 nations on his own.
Who were the leaders of the Latin American independence movements?
To change these conditions, various leaders began movements that would alter the political and cultural landscape of this region: Toussaint L’Ouverture in Haiti (1791), Miguel Hidalgo in Mexico (1810), José de San Martin in what is now Argentina, Chile, and Peru (1808), and Simón Bolívar in what is now Colombia.
What was the first Latin American country to gain independence?
South American nations won their independence primarily from Spain, but also from Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. The first country to declare independence was Colombia in 1810. The last was Suriname in 1975.
Who was the first country to gain independence?
Colonies, Protectorates and Mandates
| Country | Pre-independence name (different) | Year of independence or first stage |
|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates | Trucial States | 1971 |
| United States | Thirteen American Colonies | 1776 |
| Vanuatu | New Hebrides | 1980 |
| Zambia | Northern Rhodesia | 1964 |
When did each Latin American countries gain independence?
Latin American Independence Dates
| Country | Independence |
|---|---|
| Honduras | 15 September 1821 (from Spain) |
| Mexico | 16 September 1810 (from Spain) |
| Nicaragua | 15 September 1821 (from Spain) |
| Panama | 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain: 28 November 1821) |
Who is the first independent country?
By many accounts, the Republic of San Marino, one of the world’s smallest countries, is also the world’s oldest country. The tiny country that is completely landlocked by Italy was founded on September 3rd in the year 301 BCE.
Who was the most influential person in the Latin American revolution?
Simón Bolívar (1783–1830) “The George Washington of South America” led the way to freedom for millions of South Americans. His great charisma combined with military acumen made him the greatest of the different leaders of the Latin American Independence movement.
Which Latin American country won its independence first?
Colombia
The first country to declare independence was Colombia in 1810. The last was Suriname in 1975. French Guiana is still an official part of France. Gran Colombia was the first union of independent nations in South America.
