Why does Covid cause hyponatremia?

Why does Covid cause hyponatremia?

The causes of hyponatremia in COVID-19 are multifactorial. It may be due to increased gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea, vomiting), decreased oral intake, or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). It can be hypervolemic, euvolemic, or hypovolemic hyponatremia.

What disease is associated with low sodium?

Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood. Its symptoms are similar to those caused by dehydration. In severe cases, the brain may swell, which can lead to headaches, seizures, coma, and even death ( 27 ).

What diseases affect sodium levels?

Heart failure and kidney or liver disease can affect the amount of fluids in your body, and in turn, your level of sodium. Bouts of chronic, severe diarrhea or vomiting can deplete your body of fluids and sodium. Hormone imbalances. Some hormones affect your sodium levels.

Can a virus cause hyponatremia?

The most common infections that were associated with hyponatremia were viral and bacterial infections, including COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019).

Can pneumonia cause hyponatremia?

Abstract. Hyponatremia is relatively common in patients admitted with pneumonia, and it is associated with higher disease severity. The precise mechanism is incompletely understood, but the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is felt to play a significant role.

What does low sodium indicate?

So, the most common reason for low sodium is a kidney problem. When the kidneys are not functioning normally, which can be seen in chronic kidney disease or even temporary dehydration, the body holds too much water. And the proportion of sodium compared to water in the body lowers the sodium level.

Can infection cause low sodium?

During the literature search, we identified the following infection-related causes of hyponatremia: viral infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections, and protozoal infections.

Can sepsis cause low sodium?

SIADH was the most common cause of hypontremia and pneumonia was the most common cause leading to SIADH. Severe sepsis (sepsis plus at least one acute organ dysfunction secondary to documented or suspected infection)[5] [Figure 1] and trauma were the next leading causes of hyponatremia [Table 3].

Which pathogen causes hyponatremia?

Other viral infections associated with hyponatremia include human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), SFTS virus (SFTSV), hantavirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Ebola virus infections [34,35,36,37,38,39,40]. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an infectious disease caused by the SFTSV.

What causes sodium imbalances?

Abnormally high levels of sodium may be caused by: inadequate water consumption. severe dehydration. excessive loss of bodily fluids as a result of prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, or respiratory illness.

How does infection cause hyponatremia?

Exemplary causes of non-renal hypovolemic hyponatremia include skin losses as a consequence of burns or perspiration and gastrointestinal losses such as diarrhea or vomiting, which are often associated with infections [1,6]. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) is also a cause of hypovolemic hyponatremia.

Why does sepsis cause hyponatremia?

Hyponatraemia associated with sepsis is known to have an increased morbidity and mortality. The cause of this phenomenon is unknown, but may be related to dilution of the extracellular space with retained exogenous fluid.

What type of pneumonia causes hyponatremia?

Background. Low sodium levels are a common feature of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), particularly if caused by Legionella pneumophila[1–4].

Can liver problems cause low sodium?

Hyponatremia is common in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and is characterized by excessive renal retention of water relative to sodium due to reduced solute-free water clearance. The primary cause is increased release of arginine vasopressin.

What diseases can cause hypernatremia?

Hypernatremia causes and risk factors

• dehydration.
• vomiting.
• kidney disease.
• uncontrolled diabetes.
• diabetes insipidus.
• extreme diarrhea.
• dementia.
• fever.

Can sepsis lead to hyponatremia?

Severe sepsis (sepsis plus at least one acute organ dysfunction secondary to documented or suspected infection)[5] [Figure 1] and trauma were the next leading causes of hyponatremia [Table 3]. Describes the outcome of hyponatremia of all volume status in critically ill patients.

How does infection cause hypernatremia?

The presence of an underlying infection or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) can increase the body’s free water requirement, contributing to a significant free water deficit and subsequent hypernatremia.