What are the main causes of osteoarthritis?

What are the main causes of osteoarthritis?

What Causes Osteoarthritis?

• Heredity. Some people have an inherited defect in one of the genes responsible for making cartilage.
• Obesity. Obesity increases the risk for osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and spine.
• Injury. Injuries contribute to the development of osteoarthritis.
• Joint overuse.
• Other diseases.

What is the biological explanation of osteoarthritis?

Summary. Human osteoarthritis is a systemic musculoskeletal disorder involving activation of innate and adaptive immune systems accompanied by inflammation exemplified by the elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which play a significant role in the progression of the disease.

What pathophysiologic changes is seen with osteoarthritis?

Patients with osteoarthritis experience thickening of the synovial lining cell layer, increased vascularity and inflammatory cell infiltration of the synovial membranes, with the most marked changes occurring in advanced osteoarthritis.

What is the most common cause of osteoarthritis medical terminology?

Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates.

Is there a genetic component to osteoarthritis?

There are hereditary forms of osteoarthritis that are caused by mutations in genes for collagen. This type of osteoarthritis can first appear at a young age, quickly causing severe damage, though not very common. Around 40 to 65% of osteoarthritis has a genetic component, with a stronger link for hand and hip cases.

What early pathological feature of osteoarthritis is associated with cartilage degradation?

1 Changes that occur in the articular cartilage. Chondrocytes are active cells that maintain cartilage through normal anabolic/catabolic activities. The earliest pathological changes observed in association with OA are the fibrillations seen on the surface of the cartilage.

Is osteoarthritis an autoimmune disease?

Osteoarthritis is not an autoimmune disease, and although the exact causes are not known, multiple risk factors have been identified. In a healthy joint, cartilage provides cushioning and a smooth joint surface for motion.

Is osteoarthritis hereditary or genetic?

Experts estimate that around 40–70% of OA cases have a genetic component, with a stronger link for the hip, hand, and spine. The hereditary forms of OA arise from mutations in genes that help form and maintain bone and cartilage. This type of OA may appear at a young age and rapidly progress.

What cartilage is affected by osteoarthritis?

It has been thought of as a degenerative disorder arising from biochemical breakdown of articular (hyaline) cartilage in the synovial joints. However, the current view holds that osteoarthritis involves not only the articular cartilage but also the entire joint organ, including the subchondral bone and synovium.

Who is most at risk for osteoarthritis?

Age—The risk of developing OA increases with age. Gender—Women are more likely to develop OA than men, especially after age 50. Obesity—Extra weight puts more stress on joints, particularly weight-bearing joints like the hips and knees. This stress increases the risk of OA in that joint.

Where does osteoarthritis commonly occur?

Almost any joint can be affected by osteoarthritis, but the condition most often causes problems in the knees, hips and small joints of the hands.

What is the pathophysiology of knee osteoarthritis?

Etiology Knee osteoarthritis is classified as either primary (idiopathic) or secondary. Among the various structures making up the knee joint, the hyaline joint cartilage is the main target of the harmful influences that cause osteoarthritis and the structure in which the disease begins. 95% of hyaline cartilage consists of extracellular matrix.

What causes osteoarthritis (OA)?

Etiology and pathophysiology of osteoarthritis Acute or chronic insult, including normal wear and tear, age, obesity, and joint injury, may initiate an imbalance between matrix synthesis and matrix degradation in healthy cartilage that promotes chondral loss and prevents cartilage self-repair. The structure of healthy cartilage and the pathophys …

What is the most common etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip?

Etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip More than 90% of patients with so-called primary or idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hips in whom sufficient data were available to make an assessment of the normality of the hip joint at the cessation of growth clearly showed demonstrable abnormalities in the hip joint. The most common are mild ace …

Is osteoarthritis (OA) a genetic disease?

Osteoarthritis (OA) has a considerable hereditary component and is considered to be a polygenic disease. Data derived from genetic analyses and genome-wide screening of individuals with this disease have revealed a surprising trend: genes associated with OA tend to be related to the process of synov …