What are the types of cold chain?

What are the types of cold chain?

There are two types of cold chain packaging systems: active and passive. Active systems consist of cold chain transport containers featuring advanced electric or battery-powered temperature controls. Active systems often have built-in cooling units or rely on dry ice as a coolant.

What is reverse supply chain management?

What is a reverse supply chain? It’s the series of activities required to retrieve a used product from a customer and either dispose of it or reuse it. And for a growing number of manufacturers, in industries ranging from carpets to computers, reverse supply chains are becoming an essential part of business.

What reverse logistics means?

Reverse logistics is the set of activities that is conducted after the sale of a product to recapture value and end the product’s lifecycle. It typically involves returning a product to the manufacturer or distributor or forwarding it on for servicing, refurbishment or recycling.

What are the uses of cold chain?

The cold chain is a set of rules and procedures that ensure the proper storage and distribution of vaccines to health services from the national to the local level. The cold chain is interconnected with refrigeration equipment that allows vaccines to be stored at recommended temperatures to maintain their potency.

What is reverse cold chain?

The reverse cold chain (RCC) is a system designed to maintain stool specimens in appropriate temperature for effective detection of poliovirus in the laboratory.

What is the temperature of cold chain?

The “Cold Chain” is the system of transporting and storing vaccines within the temperature range of 35°F (2°C) to 45°F (8°C). The cold chain begins when vaccine is manufactured, moves through to the state distribution center and ends with the local immunization provider at the time of administration.

Why is a reverse supply chain important?

Reverse logistics provides an opportunity to retain value for your business that would have otherwise been lost. By repurposing goods that may have become waste, you’re able to generate unexpected streams of income, which only adds to your overall revenue.

What is reverse logistics PDF?

Reverse Logistics concerns activities associated with the handling and management of. equipment, products, components, materials or even entire technical systems to be. recovered (for succinctness we will often use the term products alone). Recovery can. simply be just reselling a product.

What is a cold chain process?

It takes a chain of precisely coordinated events in temperature-controlled environments to store, manage and transport these life-saving products. This is called a cold chain. Vaccines must be continuously stored in a limited temperature range – from the time they are manufactured until the moment of vaccination.

Why is IPV preferred over OPV?

The IPV that has been used in the United States since 1987 is as effective as OPV for preventing polio. Two doses of IPV provides 90% immunity (protection) to all three types of poliovirus; 3 doses provides at least 99% immunity.

What are the principle of cold chain?

What are the advantages of reverse logistics?

Overall, the biggest benefits of optimized reverse logistics are: Increase asset utilization. Create happier customers/return customers. Generate better ROI.

What are the types of reverse logistics?

What are the types of reverse logistics?

• Returns.
• Returns avoidance.
• Remanufacturing.
• Refurbishing.
• Packaging.
• Unsold goods.
• End-of-life.
• Delivery Failure.

What are the components of cold chain?

The cold chain has three main components: transport and storage equipment, trained personnel, and efficient management procedures. All three elements must combine to ensure safe vaccine transport and storage (Fig.