What determines transcription factor binding?

What determines transcription factor binding?

The DNA sequences can then be identified by microarray or high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) to determine transcription factor binding sites. If no antibody is available for the protein of interest, DamID may be a convenient alternative.

What is the function of CREB?

CREB is a transcription factor that regulates diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, survival, and differentiation. CREB is induced by a variety of growth factors and inflammatory signals and subsequently mediates the transcription of genes containing a cAMP-responsive element.

What genes does CREB activate?

Genes whose transcription is regulated by CREB include: c-fos, BDNF, tyrosine hydroxylase, numerous neuropeptides (such as somatostatin, enkephalin, VGF, corticotropin-releasing hormone), and genes involved in the mammalian circadian clock (PER1, PER2).

How does a transcription factor work?

Transcription factors are proteins that help turn specific genes “on” or “off” by binding to nearby DNA. Transcription factors that are activators boost a gene’s transcription. Repressors decrease transcription.

Where can I find TF binding sites?

Go to Eukaryotic Promoter database, put in the NCBI accession number for your gene of interest and then search for the transcription factors of your interest for that promoter sequence. Promoter sequence can also be limited (eg. -500 to +100) or extended (-1000 to +1) the way you like.

Does CREB bind to cAMP?

The CREB as a nuclear transcription factor binds to CRE (cAMP response element), regulating transcription activity of its downstream substrates, which regulate neuronal processes, including metabolism and survival and expression of different transcription factors and growth factors.

What turns CREB on and off and why does it matter?

Abstract. Altered expression and function of the transcription factor cyclic AMP response-binding protein (CREB) has been identified to play an important role in cancer and is associated with the overall survival and therapy response of tumor patients.

Where do general transcription factors bind?

As a class of protein, general transcription factors bind to promoters along the DNA sequence or form a large transcription preinitiation complex to activate transcription. General transcription factors are necessary for transcription to occur.

Do transcription factors bind to the major groove?

Mostly TFs binds to major groove of double stranded structure, unless TFs is a TATA box binding protein, which binds in minor groove.

How does PKA activate CREB?

Transcriptional regulation via adenylate cyclase signalling pathways is mediated by a family of cyclic AMP responsive nuclear factors, including CREB. The activation function of CRE binding proteins is modulated by phosphorylation by several kinases (for example, PKA) and other cellular cofactors.

Does phosphorylation affect the nuclear localization of CREB?

CREB activity is regulated by the phosphorylation of amino acid (aa) residues, which are mainly localized in the KID region, thereby influencing the dimerization of CREB and its binding to the CRE sequence [5].

How can I increase my CREB levels?

A lack of CREB protein is tied to memory loss, anxiety, and different forms of dementia. Maintaining healthy eating, exercise, and sleeping patterns is key to the production and activation of CREB protein. Supplements like cinnamon, blueberry extract, and butyrate can also boost your CREB protein levels.

Where do transcription factors bind in eukaryotic transcription?

Eukaryotic transcription is carried out in the nucleus of the cell and proceeds in three sequential stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Eukaryotes require transcription factors to first bind to the promoter region and then help recruit the appropriate polymerase.