Is MDR an ABC transporter?

Is MDR an ABC transporter?

Although ABC transporter proteins were discovered and are still referred to as MDR transporters, their major physiological function is to provide general protection against hydrophobic xenobiotics [2].

How does ABC transporter relate with multi drug resistant bacteria?

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transporter proteins that are responsible for drug resistance and a low bioavailability of drugs by pumping a variety of drugs out cells at the expense of ATP hydrolysis.

Which transport proteins are involved the multidrug resistance cancers?

Of them the major ABC transporters involved in MDR development are ABC subfamily B member 1 [(ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp)], ABC subfamily G member 2 [ABCG2, also known as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/mitoxantrone resistance protein (MXR)/placenta-specific ABC protein (ABCP)], and ABC subfamily C member 1 ( …

Why are ABC transporters crucial to drug resistance?

ABCB1 has a crucial physiological function in these barriers, namely the protection of he cells and organs against toxic compounds and metabolites. Due to its high transport capacity and broad substrate recognition, this transporter can confer a multidrug resistance phenotype to cancer cells (see below).

How many ABC transporters are there?

There are 48 ABC transporters in humans that can be subdivided by phylogenetic analysis into seven distinct subfamilies A-G [8,9].

Where are ABC transporters located?

There are 49 known ABC transporters present in humans, which are classified into seven families by the Human Genome Organization. This family contains some of the largest transporters (over 2,100 amino acids long). Five of them are located in a cluster in the 17q24 chromosome.

What is the mechanism of ABC transporters?

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate a wide variety of solutes across cellular membranes. These molecular pumps are found in all phyla and form one of the largest of all protein families (1).

What do ABC proteins do?

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large superfamily of membrane proteins with diverse functions (Holland et al. 2003). They convert the energy gained from ATP hydrolysis into trans-bilayer movement of substrates either into the cytoplasm (import) or out of the cytoplasm (export).

What is the role of ABC transporters?

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transporter proteins that contribute to drug resistance via ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the MDR1 gene, is an ABC transporter normally involved in the excretion of toxins from cells.

What are ABC transporters in bacteria?

The ABC transporters (also called traffic ATPases) make up a large superfamily of proteins which share a common function and a common ATP-binding domain. ABC transporters are classified into three major groups: bacterial importers (the periplasmic permeases), eukaryotic transporters, and bacterial exporters.