What do hydroxycinnamic acids do?

What do hydroxycinnamic acids do?

Hydroxycinnamic Acids: An Antioxidant Outlook Research data have revealed that HCAs can be used for preventive and/or therapeutic purposes in several diseases related to oxidative stress (e.g., atherosclerosis, inflammatory injury, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases).

What glycoside is lactone of O hydroxycinnamic acid?

Coumarins are lactones of cis-O-hydroxycinnamic acid that exist in the free form or as glycosides (Shahidi and Naczk, 2003).

What is the raw material for hydroxycinnamic acid?

p-Hydroxycinnamic acid production directly from cellulose using endoglucanase- and tyrosine ammonia lyase-expressing Streptomyces lividans. Microb Cell Fact. 2013;12:45.

What is phenolic acid used for?

Phenolic acids, readily absorbed through intestinal tract walls, are beneficial to human health due to their potential antioxidants and avert the damage of cells resulted from free-radical oxidation reactions. On regular eating, phenolic acids also promote the anti-inflammation capacity of human beings.

What is cinnamic acid derivatives?

The common cinnamic acid derivatives include p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. Chokeberry is abundant in hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives represented mainly by chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid. Ellagic acid and its conjugates form the majority of phenolic acids in red raspberries.

How cinnamic acid is formed?

Cinnamic acids have been prepared in moderate to high yields by a new direct synthesis using aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic carboxylic acids, in the presence of boron tribromide as reagent, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4-DMAP) and pyridine (Py) as bases and N-methyl-2-pyrolidinone (NMP) as solvent, at reflux (180-190°C) …

How is cinnamic acid produced?

It is obtained from oil of cinnamon, or from balsams such as storax. It is also found in shea butter. Cinnamic acid has a honey-like odor; it and its more volatile ethyl ester (ethyl cinnamate) are flavor components in the essential oil of cinnamon, in which related cinnamaldehyde is the major constituent.

What is the example of phenolic acid?

Phenolic acids are major components of berries. Phenolic acids are represented by cinnamic and benzoic acid derivatives. Benzoic acid derivatives include p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. The common cinnamic acid derivatives include p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid.

What is the function of polyphenols?

Research shows polyphenols can help manage blood pressure levels and keep your blood vessels healthy and flexible, promoting good circulation. They also help reduce chronic inflammation, another risk factor for heart disease. Polyphenols can reduce and help control your blood sugar levels.

How do coumarins work?

Coumarin derivatives (4-hydroxycoumarin compounds) are oral anticoagulants (OA) that prevent vitamin K from acting as a cofactor in the hepatic synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X (as well as the anticoagulants, proteins C and S). They are also called vitamin K antagonists (VKA).

What is one application of coumarin in science?

Coumarin derivatives are used as medicine, eg, warfarin is used as an oral anticoagulant in antithrombotic therapy [48]. Coumarin also was reported to have some antibacterial properties. The antimicrobial activity of coumarin extracted from various plants was compared with different members of the commercial coumarins.

How cinnamic acid is synthesis from benzaldehyde?

Cinnamic acid was prepared by oxidation of benzalacetone which was synthesized by condensing benzaldehyde and acetone. For producing benzalacetone, benzaldehyde was reacted with acetone in 1% NaOH solution. The yield was 88.8% of the theoretical.

What type of inhibitor is cinnamic acid?

Aloin, cinnamic acid and sophorcarpidine are potent inhibitors of tyrosinase.

Where is cinnamic acid used?

Cinnamic acid is commonly used as flavor compound in foods and drinks, and for its aroma in perfumes and cosmetics. Cinnamic acid is naturally found in the spice cinnamon, which is derived from the bark of trees from the genus Cinnamomum.