What is a thymine dimer definition?

What is a thymine dimer definition?

A pair of abnormally chemically bonded adjacent thymine Bases in DNA, resulting from damage by ultra-violet irradiation. The cellular processes that repair this lesion often make errors that create mutations.

What is thymine dimer quizlet?

Pyrimidine Dimers (“thymine dimers”) Pyrimidine Dimers are usually “Thymine dimers” and are covalent links between adjacent pyrimidine bases on the same strand of DNA. Thymine dimers distorts the shape of DNA and prevents the accurate copying of DNA, which causes mutations.

What causes thymine dimer?

Thymine-Thymine Dimers. Thymidine Dimers are produced when adjacent thymidine residues are covalently linked by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Covalent linkage may result in the dimer being replicated as a single base, which results in a frameshift mutation.

What is a thymine pyrimidine dimer and what creates it?

Pyrimidine dimers are molecular lesions formed from thymine or cytosine bases in DNA via photochemical reactions. Ultraviolet light (UV) induces the formation of covalent linkages between consecutive bases along the nucleotide chain in the vicinity of their carbon–carbon double bonds.

What are the effects of thymine dimers?

The more you expose your skin to UV light, the more likely you are to get the very unlucky combination of thymine dimers in a cell that are not repaired and lead to cancer in that cell. It can tens of years for such a cell to grow and divide into a cancer tumor you can see, but once it does, it becomes deadly.

What are thymine dimers and how are they formed quizlet?

describe what a thymine dimer is and what causes it to form. Result of 2 adjacent (same DNA strand) thymine molecules bonding to one another, instead of bonding to the adenine molecules on the complementary strand of DNA. These are formed when the DNA is struck by UV light of the proper wavelength.

How does thymine dimer affect DNA?

The cis-syn thymine cyclobutane dimer lesion, hereafter called the thymine dimer, has traditionally been considered to be one of the more ‘bulky and destabilizing’ lesions for several reasons: it involves two nucleotides locked in a rigid, nonstandard shape; it causes anomalous migration in gels and facilitates …

Why is called dimer?

A dimer (/ˈdaɪmər/) (di-, “two” + -mer, “parts”) is an oligomer consisting of two monomers joined by bonds that can be either strong or weak, covalent or intermolecular. The term homodimer is used when the two molecules are identical (e.g. A–A) and heterodimer when they are not (e.g. A–B).

How do thymine dimers affect replication?

UV has a lethal effect on most organisms primarily because of its ability to cause the formation of thymine dimers in DNA. Thymine dimers are two adjacent thymine bases that are abnormally linked together by covalent bonds. This dimerization inhibits DNA replication, which may lead to death of the organism.

What is a thymine dimer how might it occur How is it repaired?

What is a thymine dimer? How might it occur and how is it repaired? It’s when a pair of adjacent thymine bases abnormally chemically bond to each other in DNA. Can happen because of UV radiation, and it is repaired when a nuclease enzyme cuts out the damaged area & removes it.

How does the cell repair thymine dimer?

Direct repair of thymine dimers. UV-induced thymine dimers can be repaired by photoreactivation, in which energy from visible light is used to split the bonds forming the cyclobutane ring. Another form of direct repair deals with damage resulting from the reaction between alkylating agents and DNA.

What is the main function of thymine?

Thymine helps stabilize nucleic acid structures. DNA is composed of two strands that twist upon each other to form a double helix. This double helix is held together by hydrogen bonds formed between nucleobases oriented in opposite strands. Adenine forms 2 hydrogen bonds with thymine.

Where is thymine found?

DNA
Thymine is a pyrimidine (molecular formula, C5H6N2O2) found primarily within DNA in the form of a deoxynucleotidyl residue, paired with adenine.

What is monomer and dimer?

A monomer is a molecule that loves to bind chemically with other molecules. Think of a monomer as a small tough guy that loves to network and build a web of friends. If we put all of this together, a dimer is a type of oligomer. But monomers are the building blocks for dimers and all oligomers.

What is dimer Class 11?

Dimers are oligomers composed of two monomers that are similar in structure and joined by a chemical bond.

What is dimer example?

Carboxylic acids form dimers by hydrogen bonding of the acidic hydrogen and the carbonyl oxygen when anhydrous. For example, acetic acid forms a dimer in the gas phase, where the monomer units are held together by hydrogen bonds. Under special conditions, most OH-containing molecules form dimers, e.g. the water dimer.

How do thymine dimers affect DNA?