What is Bogues equation?

What is Bogues equation?

Portland cement clinker: the Bogue calculation The Bogue calculation is used to calculate the approximate proportions of the four main minerals in Portland cement clinker. The standard Bogue calculation refers to cement clinker, rather than cement, but it can be adjusted for use with cement.

What are Bogue compounds?

Bogues compounds are complex compounds formed during burning process that are responsible for setting and hydration of cement. When water is mixed in cement, it reacts to form complex compounds simply called as bogues compounds.

What are the limitations of the Bogue equations?

Therefore, the main limitation of Bogue’s equations is that they do not take into account impurities of the clinker phases.

How is C3S clinker calculated?

The most important consequence of the occurrence of impurities in the lattices of matrix clinker compounds is a disagreement between the calculated and real amount of phases in clinker. C 3 A = 2.65 × ( % Al 2 O 3 − ( 0.469 × % SO 3 + 0.15 ) ) − 1.692 × % Fe 2 O 3 .

What is C3S and C2S?

For that, a series of experiments were planned with pure synthetic tri-calcium silicate (C3S) and bi-calcium silicate (C2S) (main components of the Portland cement clinker) to obtain different calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel structures during their hydration.

What is lime saturation factor?

Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) The Lime Saturation Factor is a ratio of CaO to the other three main oxides. Applied to clinker, it is calculated as: LSF=CaO/(2.8SiO2 + 1.2Al2O3 + 0.65Fe2O3) Often, this is referred to as a percentage and therefore multiplied by 100. LSF to be maintained in limestone 102-104.

What is the role of C4AF in cement?

The C4AF produces the highest vital strength of all compounds, then closely by C3S [8]. C4AF contributes positively to the compressive strength of cement at 12 hours accelerated curing, 3, 7, and 28 days normal curing [4].

What is C3S in clinker?

C3S can be present in triclinic, monoclinic or rhombohedral crystal forms in clinker. Fluoride is additionally effective for producing reactive C3S because it promotes the presence of the C3S in the hydraulically-reactive rhombohedral form.

What is LSF in clinker?

Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) The Lime Saturation Factor is a ratio of CaO to the other three main oxides. Applied to clinker, it is calculated as: LSF=CaO/(2.8SiO2 + 1.2Al2O3 + 0.65Fe2O3) Often, this is referred to as a percentage and therefore multiplied by 100.

What is C3S used in?

Tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5 or C3S) is the main phase of Portland cement clinker.

What is clinker factor?

Clinker factor The percentage of clinker in cement (according to the WBCSD-CSI Cement CO2 and Energy Protocol).

What is free lime in clinker?

Clinker, which is an intermediate material for cement, is produced by mixing and calcinating cement raw materials such as limestone, clay and silica in a rotary kiln at a high temperature. The unreacted calcium oxide remaining after calcination of the clinker is called free lime (f. CaO).

What is clinker ratio?

The world average clinker/cement ratio is about 0.81, with the balance comprising gypsum and additives such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, and natural pozzolana.

What is C3A and C3S?

It is the hydration of the calcium silicate, aluminate, and aluminoferrite minerals that causes the hardening, or setting, of cement. The ratio of C3S to C2S helps to determine how fast the cement will set, with faster setting occurring with higher C3S contents. Lower C3A content promotes resistance to sulfates.

What uses C3S?

19 C3S is tricalcium silicate, also known as Alite; it is a component of cement which is largely responsible for the fast-setting and initial strength development of cement.

What is the clinker factor?

What is clinkering temperature?

Ans. ( d) : Portland cement clinker is made by heating a homogenous mixture of raw material in rotary kiln at high temp. The product of the chemical reaction Aggregate together at their sintering temp. about 1450oC.