What type of protein is calmodulin?

What type of protein is calmodulin?

calcium-binding proteins
Calmodulin belongs to one of the two main groups of calcium-binding proteins, called EF hand proteins. The other group, called annexins, bind calcium and phospholipids such as lipocortin. Many other proteins bind calcium, although binding calcium may not be considered their principal function in the cell.

Does calmodulin have an EF hand?

Calmodulin (CaM) is a cytosolic Ca2+-binding protein that serves as a control element for many enzymes. It consists of two globular domains, each containing two EF hand pairs capable of binding Ca2+, joined by a flexible central linker region.

Is calmodulin a structural protein?

Sensing Calcium Calmodulin acts as an intermediary protein that senses calcium levels and relays signals to various calcium-sensitive enzymes, ion channels and other proteins. Calmodulin is a small dumbbell-shaped protein composed of two globular domains connected together by a flexible linker.

How many amino acids are in calmodulin?

148 amino acid residues
The protein contains 148 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 16792.

Is calmodulin an actin?

Ca2+/Calmodulin Regulates the Binding Between CaMKIIβ and Actin through a ter-Molecular Reaction. While the association domain of CaMKIIβ serves as the structural anchor for actin bundling, the regulatory domain is critically important for Ca2+/calmodulin regulation.

Why is it called EF hand?

The name EF hand originated from the first such structure to be described, which was in the protein parvalbumin. In this protein calcium is bound by a helix-loop-helix structure that is formed by the E and F helices (letters assigned to helices in the order that they occur, starting at the N-terminus).

What does EF hand stand for?

The EF hand is a helix–loop–helix structural domain or motif found in a large family of calcium-binding proteins. EF hand. Structure of the recombinant Paramecium tetraurelia calmodulin.

Where is calmodulin made?

Calmodulin, or calcium-modulated protein, is a calcium-binding protein found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells.

Is calmodulin a kinase?

CAMK, also written as CaMK, is an abbreviation for the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase class of enzymes.

Is calmodulin a second messenger?

Calmodulin is a ubiquitous regulatory protein of the second-messenger system. It exhibits Ca2+-dependent regulatory activities toward several enzymes and proteins. The protein is implicated in a variety of cellular processes that are established as Ca2+-modulated.

What is a recognition helix?

The DNA-recognition helix makes sequence-specific DNA contacts with the major groove of DNA, while the wings make different DNA contacts, often with the minor groove or the backbone of DNA. Several winged-helix proteins display an exposed patch of hydrophobic residues thought to mediate protein-protein interactions.

Is calmodulin a calcium sensor?

Calmodulin: a prototypical calcium sensor.

What is homeodomain protein?

The homeodomain is a highly conserved 60‐amino‐acid protein domain that is encoded by the homeobox and is found in organisms as diverse as mammals, insects, plants and yeast. Homeodomains function as DNA binding domains and are found in many transcription factors that control development and cell fate decisions.

What is helical domain?

Description. The domain represented in this superfamily consists of a multi-helical fold comprised of two curved layers of alpha helices arranged in a regular right-handed superhelix, where the repeats that make up this structure are arranged about a common axis. .