Are organochlorines toxic?
Table of Contents
Are organochlorines toxic?
Organochlorine pesticides are highly toxic to mammals and will accumulate in the tissues of living organisms. Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. May damage the liver and kidneys.
What is the toxicity of organophosphate?
Organophosphates are used as medications, insecticides, and nerve agents as a weapon. Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion. The onset of symptoms is often within minutes, and it can take weeks to disappear.
Are organochlorines toxic to humans?
Long-term exposure to organochlorine pesticides may damage the liver, kidney, central nervous system, thyroid and bladder. Many of these pesticides have been linked to elevated rates of liver or kidney cancer in animals. There is some evidence indicating that organochlorine pesticides may also cause cancer in humans.
What are the signs of organophosphate toxicity?
The clinical signs of organophosphate poisoning occur as a result of excess acetylcholine at nerve endings, which mimics hyperactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system. Signs relative to the alimentary tract include excess salivation, lacrimation, abdominal pain, vomiting, intestinal hypermotility, and diarrhea.
Why are organochlorines used as pesticides?
Due to their low cost and the need against various pests, organochlorine insecticides such as DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), aldrin and dieldrin are among the most widely used pesticides in developing countries of Asia (FAO, 2005; Gupta, 2004; Lallas, 2001).
Are organochlorines banned?
Since the early 1970s, the use of DDT and common organochlorine insecticides has been banned in the United States and Europe, but they are still manufactured and used in developing countries to control malaria-causing mosquitoes.
Are organochlorines still used?
Where are organochlorines banned?
What is the effect of organophosphate insecticide in the body?
It can cause nerve damage and disrupt hormone production in humans and animals. Organophosphates are also toxic to plants and insects. Agricultural workers and others who handle agricultural chemicals may be at risk, with most exposure occurring in rural areas.
Are organophosphate pesticides banned?
All organophosphate insecticides are also toxic and potentially lethal to humans. Until 2000, chlorpyrifos was also used in homes for pest control. It was banned for indoor use after passage of the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act, which required additional protection of children’s health.
What are organochlorines used for?
Organochlorines (OC) are a group of chlorinated compounds widely used as pesticides. These chemicals belong to the class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with high persistence in the environment.
What are the types of organophosphorus compounds and mechanisms of toxicity?
The mechanism of toxicity of organophosphorus compounds is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine and the continued stimulation of acetylcholine receptors. Therefore, they are also called anticholinesterase agents.
Are organophosphates still used?
Organophosphates are the most widely used insecticides today. They are used in agriculture, the home, gardens, and veterinary practice.
Why atropine is given in organophosphate poisoning?
Atropine is administered intravenously to restore adequate cardiorespiratory function rapidly – a process often termed ‘atropinzation’. It is used to reverse bradycardia and improve systolic blood pressure to greater than 80 mmHg.
How do you manage a patient with organophosphate poisoning?
The mainstays of medical therapy in organophosphate (OP) poisoning include atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM), and benzodiazepines (eg, diazepam). Initial management must focus on adequate use of atropine. Optimizing oxygenation prior to the use of atropine is recommended to minimize the potential for dysrhythmias.
Which part of the body is most affected by acute organophosphate poisoning?
When death occurs, it is most commonly due to respiratory failure due to paralysis of respiratory muscles and depression of central nervous system, which is responsible for respiration.
