What are the steps of underground mining?

What are the steps of underground mining?

It involves drilling a section of ore at the very bottom of the deposit and then blasting to make the roof collapse. Gravity then takes over, as the ore above the blast site fractures and collapses in succession as support is withdrawn. The collapsed ore is hauled out the mine for processing [source: Great Mining].

What are the different types of underground mining?

There are two principal phases of underground mining: development mining and production mining. Development mining is composed of excavation almost entirely in (non-valuable) waste rock in order to gain access to the orebody.

How does underground mining work?

The procedure involves drilling vertically downwards directly into the ore. This is followed by drilling sub levels horizontally at consistent intervals (as shown in figure 1). Once sub levelling is completed, a series of circular patterned blasts are detonated from each level and the demolished ore is excavated.

What is the most common underground mining method?

Here are some of the most common ways underground mining is done: Room and pillar mining – Tunnels are driven in a chess board-like pattern that are fitted with huge square pillars in between. This method of underground mining is commonly used to acquire coal.

What minerals are extracted from underground mining?

Gold, copper, zinc, nickel, and diamonds are mined in Canada. British Columbia produces the most copper in Canada. Ontario mines produce the most gold and nickel in the country. Manitoba mines produce the most zinc.

What is underground mining and how is it done?

Underground mining involves opening one or more portals or shafts into the earth that follow or intercept coal seams that are too deep for surface mining methods. Two main methods of underground mining are practiced in Pennsylvania: Room-and-Pillar: Generally used for seams that are relatively flat or gently dipping.

What is data mining with diagram?

Data mining is the process of discovering actionable information from large sets of data. Data mining uses mathematical analysis to derive patterns and trends that exist in data.

What is an example of underground mining?

A few examples of commodities mined by this method would include coal, lead, limestone, and salt. Historically, if the pillars were irregular in size and placement, which is more likely to occur in certain metal and nonmetal deposits, this method was known as stope and pillar, rather than room and pillar.

How long do miners stay underground?

Miners usually work shifts, and they can be on for 10 days in a row. Some head down before sunrise and return anywhere from seven to 12 hours later.

How deep can mines go?

List of deepest mines

What are stages of data mining?

STATISTICA Data Miner divides the modeling screen into four general phases of data mining: (1) data acquisition; (2) data cleaning, preparation, and transformation; (3) data analysis, modeling, classification, and forecasting; and (4) reports.

What is data mining PDF?

Data mining is a process of extraction of. useful information and patterns from huge data. It is also called as knowledge discovery process, knowledge mining from data, knowledge extraction or data /pattern analysis.

How do mines not run out of oxygen?

The concept is known as “flow through” ventilation: air is sucked into a shaft underground by fans on the surface, while extractors at the top of the mine drag the air back out. As it passes through the various passageways of the mine it brings with it the fresh supply of oxygen.

How do miners breathe?

Flow-through ventilation is the main ventilation circuit for the mine. Air enters the mine from surface via a shaft, ventilation raise or adit. The air is distributed through the mine via internal ventilation raises and ramps, and flows are controlled by regulators and permanently mounted ventilation fans.