What does il-4 stimulate?
Table of Contents
What does il-4 stimulate?
Interleukin 4 has many biological roles, including the stimulation of activated B cell and T cell proliferation, and the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. It is a key regulator in humoral and adaptive immunity. IL-4 induces B cell class switching to IgE, and up-regulates MHC class II production.
Does IL-12 stimulate Th1?
Abstract. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) initiates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper type 1 (Th1) cells critical for resistance to intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania major.
What does IL-4 do to macrophages?
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is the prototypic type 2 immunoregulatory cytokine that can suppress the production of many monocyte and macrophage pro-inflammatory mediators.
Is IL-6 a Th1 or Th2 cytokine?
Since IL-6 is abundantly produced by APC, it is a likely source of early Th1/Th2 control during CD4(+) T cell activation. Thus, by using two independent molecular mechanisms, IL-6 plays a dual role in Th1/Th2 differentiation.
How is the interleukin 6 signal brought to the cell?
Classic and Trans-Signaling Pathway of IL-6. On target cells, IL-6 first binds to the α-chain of non-signaling membrane-bound IL-6R (mbIL-6R, also named CD126 or gp80); subsequently, this complex connects to two molecules of gp130 and initiates signal transduction.
Do T cells express IL-12?
The IL-12R complex is found on NK cells, NK T and activated T cells14 but has also been detected on cell types of myeloid origin15 and tonsillar B cells. Naive T cells express IL-12Rβ1 but not IL-12Rβ2, which is critical for the signal transduction downstream of the receptor complex.
What is the role of IL 18?
Produced mainly by antigen-presenting cells, IL-18 is a pleiotropic factor involved in the regulation of both innate and acquired immune responses, playing a key role in autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases.
What is IL-4 produced by?
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a complex glycoprotein produced mostly by mast cells, basophils, a subset of activated T cells, eosinophils and neutrophils (Chomarat and Banchereau, 1997). Horsley et al. showed that myogenic cells could be a target for IL-4 (Horsley et al., 2003).
