What does Nigericin do to mitochondria?
Table of Contents
What does Nigericin do to mitochondria?
Nigericin also increased mitochondrial OCR, and predisposed normal mitochondria to a more oxidized redox status assessed by increased oxidation of cyclic hydroxylamine, CM-H.
How does Valinomycin inhibit the ATP synthesis?
The synthesis is specific for K+- valinomycin as replacement of K+ by Na+ causes a slight and relatively concentration-insensitive ATP synthesis. It is important that the ATP synthesis by valinomycin-treated chloroplasts is reduced to that provided by Na+-valinomycin by the addition of DNP to the K+-valinomycin.
How does Valinomycin affect cellular respiration?
Valinomycin produces higher steady state potassium phosphate swelling which can be reversed to give active shrinkage if mersalyl is added to block the Pi−/OH− antiporter. Respiration declines concurrently. Uncouplers accelerate the shrinkage and restore the respiration.
How does Valinomycin cause cell death?
Valinomycin triggers rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. This precedes cytoplasmic acidification, which leads to cysteine-active-site protease activation, DNA fragmentation and cell death.
What is a potassium ionophore?
A potassium ionophore (valinomycin) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by its effects on the cell membrane. R P Daniele and S K Holian. See “A potassium ionophore (valinomycin) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by its effects on the cell membrane” in volume 74 on page 392a.
Are ionophores proteins?
Carrier ionophores may be proteins or other molecules. Channel formers that introduce a hydrophilic pore into the membrane, allowing ions to pass through without coming into contact with the membrane’s hydrophobic interior. Channel forming ionophores are usually large proteins.
Does Valinomycin act as an uncoupler or an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation?
Valinomycin acts as an uncoupler. It combines K+ to form a complex that passes through the inner mitochondrial membrane, dissipating the membrane potential. ATP synthesis decreases, which causes the rate of electron transfer to increase.
Why is Valinomycin an effective antibiotic agent?
Valinomycin is highly selective for potassium ions over sodium ions within the cell membrane. It functions as a potassium-specific transporter and facilitates the movement of potassium ions through lipid membranes “down” the electrochemical potential gradient.
What is Valinomycin used for?
Valinomycin is a potent antibiotic. It is commonly used as an agent to induce apoptosis and can also be used to calibrate potentiometric responses in membrane experiments involving potential-sensitive dyes such as di-4-ANEPPS.
Why is Valinomycin a powerful antibiotic?
Is valinomycin an ionophore?
A potassium ionophore (valinomycin) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by its effects on the cell membrane. See “A potassium ionophore (valinomycin) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by its effects on the cell membrane” in volume 74 on page 392a. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
What are the 2 types of ionophores?
Two types of these molecules are known: the mobile carriers and the channel-forming ionophores.
What things happen when the antibiotic valinomycin is added to actively respiring mitochondria?
When the antibiotic valinomycin is added to actively respiring mitochondria, several things happen: the yield of ATP decreases, the rate of O2 consumption increases, heat is released, and the pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane increases.
How does Valinomycin interact with lipid bilayer?
Valinomycin, which is isolated fromStreptomyces fulvissimus, is an example of a carrier molecule that binds K+ and literally ferries it across the lipid bilayer. On the other hand,gramicidin catalyzes K+ movement by the same basic mechanism that has been established for ion channel proteins in cell membranes.
Why is valinomycin a powerful antibiotic?
How does valinomycin interact with lipid bilayer?
What is the role of valinomycin?
Valinomycin is a potent antibiotic. It is commonly used as an agent to induce apoptosis and can also be used to calibrate potentiometric responses in membrane experiments involving potential-sensitive dyes such as di-4-ANEPPS. For Research Use Only. Not for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic use.
Why valinomycin is selective to potassium ions?
What are examples of ionophores?
Ionophore compounds include monensin (Coban, Rumensin, Rumensin CRC, Kexxtone), lasalocid (Avatec, Bovatec), salinomycin (Bio-cox, Sacox), narasin (Monteban, Maxiban), maduramicin (Cygro), laidlomycin (Cattlyst), and semduramicin (Aviax).
