What is a non allergic drug reaction?

What is a non allergic drug reaction?

Nonallergic hypersensitivities are commonly referred to as pseudoallergic or idiosyncratic reactions. The common nonallergic drug hypersensitivities are secondary to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiocontrast agents, vancomycin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, local anesthetic reactions and opiates.

What are the types of non immunological ADR?

The traditional pharmacological classification of ADRs includes two major subtypes; type A which are dose-dependent and predictable (non-immunological, commonly termed intolerance), and type B (immunological-allergic) reactions which are unpredictable and not dose-dependent [5].

What is immunological reaction to a drug?

Immunological reactions to drugs, also known as hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDR) are considered within the category B of adverse drug reactions where the mechanism is related with the subject abnormal response to the drug.

What are the different types of adverse drug reaction?

Adverse drug reactions are classified into six types (with mnemonics): dose-related (Augmented), non-dose-related (Bizarre), dose-related and time-related (Chronic), time-related (Delayed), withdrawal (End of use), and failure of therapy (Failure).

What is the difference between a drug allergy and a drug sensitivity?

Drug intolerance and drug sensitivity can both manifest in multiple forms including dizziness, nausea, headaches, and muscle or joint pain. Unlike drug allergies that usually manifest within a few minutes or hours after drug intake, drug intolerance typically develops over a few days or weeks.

What is hypersensitivity drug reaction?

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) include allergic, exaggerated pharmacologic, and pseudoallergic reactions to medications that result from an enhanced immunologic or inflammatory response.

What are the most common adverse reactions to medication?

Symptoms of adverse drug reactions include cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headaches. Skin reactions (i.e. rashes, itching) are the most common form of allergic drug reaction.

Which is an unpredictable adverse drug reaction?

Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions are a heterogeneous group of adverse effects that are not predictable from the pharmacological actions of the drug. Many of these reactions occur as a consequence of pharmacogenetic variations in drug bioactivation and drug or metabolite detoxification or clearance.

Which of the following drugs can induce all four types of hypersensitivity reactions?

Immediate reactions Non-allergic hypersensitivity reactions account for approximately 77% of all hypersensitivity reactions (6) and can be induced by substances of many kinds, including penicillins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) (figure 1) (4, e3).

Which drugs can induce all four types of hypersensitivity reactions?

Antibiotics (particularly beta-lactams) and anticonvulsants are the most common triggering drugs, accounting for three-quarters of all cases of hypersensitivity (e7).

What are the four types of allergic responses to drug therapy?

Four different types of allergic reactions are immediate, cytotoxic, immune-complex mediated and delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

What is idiosyncratic drug reaction?

The term idiosyncratic drug reaction (IDR) has been used in various ways and has no clear definition, but the term is used in this review to designate an adverse reaction that does not occur in most patients treated with a drug and does not involve the therapeutic effect of the drug.

Which are the predictable adverse reaction?

Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug’s primary pharmacological effect (e.g. bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g. nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.