What is meant by the clonal selection hypothesis?

What is meant by the clonal selection hypothesis?

The clonal selection hypothesis states that an individual B cell expresses receptors specific to the distinct antigen, determined before the antibody ever encounters the antigen.

What is the clonal selection theory quizlet?

fundamental feature of the immune system based on the fact that every individual possesses numerous clonally derived lymphocytes, each clone has arisen from a single precursor and is capable of recognizing and responding to a distinct antigenic determinant.

What is the purpose of a clonal selection?

Clonal selection involves two main concepts i.e., are cloning and affinity maturation. More precisely, it establishes the idea that only those cells capable of recognizing an antigen will proliferate, while other cells are selected against. Clonal selection calls both B and T cells.

What happens during clonal selection?

During clonal selection, random mutations during clonal expansion cause the production of B cells with increased antibody-binding affinity for their antigens. The clonal selection hypothesis may explain why secondary immune responses are so effective at preventing reinfection by the same pathogen.

What is clonal selection in biology A level?

Clonal selection: ​The process of matching the antigens on an antigen presenting cells with the antigen receptors on B and T lymphocytes.

What is clonal selection and expansion?

Clonal selection is the theory that specific antigen receptors exist on lymphocytes before they are presented with an antigen due to random mutations during initial maturation and proliferation. After antigen presentation, selected lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion because they have the needed antigen receptor.

What is clonal expansion quizlet?

Clonal expansion is the: production of daughter cells all arising originally from a single cell. In a clonal expansion of lymphocytes, all progeny share the same antigen specificity.

Where are B cells produced and mature?

the bone marrow
B cell development starts in the bone marrow (BM) and continues in the spleen to final maturation. Developmental progression is guided by sequential events leading to assembly, expression, and signaling of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR).

Who proposed clonal selection theory?

doctor Frank Macfarlane Burnet
The concept was introduced by Australian doctor Frank Macfarlane Burnet in 1957, in an attempt to explain the great diversity of antibodies formed during initiation of the immune response.

What is clonal selection a level biology?

What is clonal expansion biology?

Clonal expansion: ​The production of many genetically identical daughter cells through cell division of the activated B or T lymphocyte after clonal selection.

What is clonal expansion so important?

Clonal expansion not only serves to amplify the number of specific lymphocytes to mount a robust protective response to the pathogen at hand but also results in selection and differentiation of the responding lymphocytes to generate a multitude of cell fates.

What is meant by clone in biology?

Cloning is the process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism. Cloning happens all the time in nature. In biomedical research, cloning is broadly defined to mean the duplication of any kind of biological material for scientific study, such as a piece of DNA or an individual cell.

What is clonal selection in plant breeding?

Clonal selection is the selection of the most desirable members of a clone for continued vegetative propagation rather than for sexual reproduction. The members of a clone keep up genetic constancy.

Are phagocytic granulocytes?

All granulocytes are phagocytic but neutrophils (mouse and human key markers: CD66b, LY6-G) are the only exhibiting avid phagocytosis.

Are eosinophils phagocytic?

Eosinophils (acidophils) They are phagocytic and engulf antibody-coated or marked foreign substances. Their primary mode of attack is the exocytosis of toxic compounds, including nitric oxide, and cytotoxic enzymes, onto the surface of their targets.