What is the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus?
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What is the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus?
The DG is divided into a molecular layer (ml) a granule cell layer (gcl) and a polymorphic layer (pl). The molecular layer is divided into three sublayers based on the laminar organization of inputs. The hippocampus is divided into CA3, CA2 and CA1 subfields.
What is the dentate gyrus made of?
The dentate gyrus, like the hippocampus, consists of three distinct layers: an outer molecular layer, a middle granule cell layer, and an inner polymorphic layer. (In the hippocampus the outer layer is the molecular layer, the middle layer is the pyramidal layer, and the inner layer the stratum oriens).
What cells are in the dentate gyrus?
The major cell types of the dentate gyrus include the granule cells, mossy cells and GABAergic interneurons3 (Fig. 2). Most granule cells are located in the GCL, but there are small subsets in the IML (known as semilunar granule cells9,10) and hilus (known as ectopic granule cells11) (Fig. 2a).
What is the dentate gyrus?
The dentate gyrus is the first region where all sensory modalities merge together to form unique representations and memories that bind stimuli together, and thus, it plays a critical role in learning and memory. From: Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 2015.
What is a granular layer?
Medical Definition of granular layer : the deeper layer of the cortex of the cerebellum containing numerous small closely packed cells.
Why are mossy fibers called?
Most afferents from the brainstem or spinal cord to the cerebellum terminate in the granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex as “mossy fibers”. They are so named because of the appearance of their terminals under the microscope.
How many layers does the hippocampus have?
The cortex thins from six layers to the three or four layers that make up the hippocampus. The term hippocampal formation is used to refer to the hippocampus proper and its related parts.
Is the dentate gyrus part of the limbic system?
(Some experts would also include parts of the hypothalamus, thalamus, midbrain reticular formation, and olfactory areas in the limbic system.) The term hippocampal formation typically refers to the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus proper (i.e., cornu ammonis), and the subicular cortex.
What are granule cells?
term used to refer to neurons characterized by small cell bodies. Granule cells are found in various regions of the brain, including the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb.
What is the function of the dentate nucleus?
The dentate nucleus regulates fine-control of voluntary movements, cognition, language, and sensory functions.
What is the granular layer of Toms?
In the root, a layer of dark granules lie parallel to the outer surface of the dentin. This is called Tomes’ granular layer (A). Cementum (B) lies along the lower margin of the field. Tomes’ granular layer lies immediately adjacent to the cementum of the root in the region of the mantle dentin.
What is the molecular layer of cerebellum?
molecular layer – contains two main types of neurons: stellate cells and basket cells, which are scattered among dendritic ramifications and numerous thin axons that run parallel to the long axis of the folia. ganglionic layer or Purkinje cell layer – the layer is formed of a single row of large Purkinje cells.
What are climbing and mossy fibers?
At P0, mossy fibers originating from the lateral reticular nucleus and the pontine nuclei reach the cerebellum. In contrast with mossy fibers, climbing fibers originate solely from the inferior olive in the medulla oblongata of the brain stem.
Is the dentate gyrus part of the hippocampus?
The dentate gyrus is a part of the hippocampal formation, a group of structures that lie in the medial temporal lobe (also part of this formation is the hippocampus proper and the subiculum).
Where does the dentate nucleus project to?
Axons from the dentate nucleus are destined for the cortex via a projection to the ventral nuclear complex in the thalamus.
What are the 3 layers of cerebellum?
Functionally, the cerebellar cortex is divided into three layers: an outer synaptic layer (also called the molecular layer), an intermediate discharge layer (the Purkinje layer), and an inner receptive layer (the granular layer).
