What is the structure of hepatitis B virus?
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What is the structure of hepatitis B virus?
The infectious HBV virion (Dane particle) has a spherical, double-shelled structure 42 nm in diameter, consisting of a lipid envelope containing HBsAg that surrounds an inner nucleocapsid composed of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) complexed with virally encoded polymerase and the viral DNA genome.
Who invented hepatitis B virus?
The hepatitis B virus was discovered in 1965 by Dr. Baruch Blumberg who won the Nobel Prize for his discovery. Originally, the virus was called the “Australia Antigen” because it was named for an Australian aborigine’s blood sample that reacted with an antibody in the serum of an American hemophilia patient.
What is the structure of hepatitis A virus?
Hepatitis A virus is an enteric picornavirus. Its genome is a single stranded RNA molecule of positive-strand polarity of 7478 bases. This sequence codes for a polyprotein which is processed to give rise to viral proteins VP-1, VP-2, VP-3 and others.
How is hepatitis B transmitted PDF?
HBV is transmitted through contact with blood, semen or other body fluids of an infected person. It can be transmitted during childhood or from mother to child at birth.
What is hepatitis B PPT?
Acute Hepatitis B Definition Acute Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis B virus, which developes within 6 months after entering virus to the organizm. Disease has symptomatic (with jaundice and without jaundice) and asymptomatic course. In >90% of cases acute hepatitis B is self-limited disease. 34.
What is hepatitis B NCBI?
Hepatitis B viral infection is a serious global healthcare problem. It is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is often transmitted via body fluids like blood, semen, and vaginal secretions.
How was hepatitis B created?
In 2013, hepatitis B was thought to have originated in birds. Then in 2015, fish were thought to be a source. Throughout all these studies, it was clear that the virus is a prehistoric disease that was around at least 82 million years ago.
Where was HBV discovered?
The virus was not discovered until 1966 when Baruch Blumberg, then working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), discovered the Australia antigen (later known to be hepatitis B surface antigen, or HBsAg) in the blood of Aboriginal Australian people.
What is the basic structure of A virus?
Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and consist of a single- or double-stranded nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein shell called a capsid; some viruses also have an outer envelope composed of lipids and proteins. They vary in shape. The two main classes are RNA viruses and DNA viruses.
Is hepatitis B an enveloped virus?
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the family of Hepadnaviridae and is an enveloped virus that contains a partially double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome that is surrounded by an icosahedral protein capsid.
What is hepatitis virus PDF?
The term Viral Hepatitis is used for inflammation of the liver caused primarily by hepatotrophic viruses which results in similar clinical presentation. The clinical presentation of acute infection may range from asymptomatic sub clinical illness to fulminant hepatic failure.
What is hepatitis B Wikipedia?
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. Hepatitis B. Electron micrograph of hepatitis B virus.
What is hepatitis B virus in microbiology?
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a member of the hepadnavirus group, double-stranded DNA viruses which replicate, unusually, by reverse transcription. Hepatitis B virus is endemic in the human population and hyperendemic in many parts of the world. A number of variants of this virus have been described.
What is the physiology of hepatitis B?
Pathophysiology of Hepatitis B As the blood becomes exposed to HBV, the body mounts a cell-mediated immune response by sending cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to the virus and release inflammatory cytokines. The greater the immune response, the greater the chance of fighting the virus.
When was the hepatitis virus discovered?
A series of research and clinical observations led to confirmation that the “Australia antigen” caused hepatitis B and thus, this was how the hepatitis B virus was discovered in 1967.
What is the origin of hepatitis B?
They revealed that HBV-D’s geographical origin was in North Africa and the Middle East, although they were unable to infer the exact origin accurately from the available data. Their analysis also suggests the origin of HBV-A is close to Africa and Europe, and likely in the Middle East and Central Asia.
