What is the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and algae in waste stabilization pond?

What is the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and algae in waste stabilization pond?

Algae provide the oxygen for the growth of the bacteria to break down the organic waste matter, and the bacteria, in turn, provide carbon dioxide for the growth of the algae [103, 121, 122]. Facultative ponds have an aerobic zone at the top and an anaerobic zone at the bottom as shown in Fig.

How do facultative ponds work?

Working Principle In a second pond (facultative pond), algae growing on the surface provide the water with oxygen leading to both anaerobic digestion and aerobic oxidation of the organic pollutants. Due to the algal activity, pH rises leading to inactivation of some pathogens and volatilisation of ammonia.

What is a maturation pond?

Maturation ponds (low-cost polishing ponds), which generally follow either the primary or secondary facultative pond, are primarily designed for tertiary treatment, i.e., the removal of pathogens, nutrients and possibly algae.

How do sewage ponds work?

A sewage lagoon is a large pond into which the sewage or effluent from the sewage system flows. Sewage lagoons are also called effluent ponds. The sewage and effluent are broken down by germs in the lagoon. The sun and wind play an important role in the working of the lagoon.

Why algae is helpful in reducing pollution?

Algae can be effective and economical in dealing with industrial effluents. To its votaries, tiny organisms known as microalgae could hold answers to some intractable problems. That includes curbing carbon dioxide emissions that are contributing to global warming and reducing the burden of industrial effluents.

Which algae used in sewage treatment?

Microalgae for wastewater treatment. The history of the commercial use of algal cultures spans about 75 years with application to wastewater treatment and mass production of different strains such as Chlorella and Dunaliella.

What is the purpose of a facultative lagoon?

Facultative lagoons can be used to treat raw, screened, or primary settled municipal wastewater and biodegradable industrial wastewaters. Moderately effective in removing settleable solids, BOD, pathogens, fecal coliform, and ammonia.

What is the maximum allowable temperature in facultative ponds?

What is the maximum allowable temperature in facultative ponds? Explanation: Facultative ponds are designed for BOD removal on the basis of a relatively low surface loading of 100 – 400 kg BOD/ha-d at the temperature between 20°C and 25°C. 10.

What is aerobic pond?

aerobic ponds. Definition English: A lagoon that forms the third treatment stage in waste stabilization ponds (WSP). It is a shallow pond with large surface area to enable light penetration and oxygenation by wind mixing.

What is a sludge pond?

What is Pond Sludge? Pond sludge is a buildup of organic materials that accumulate in your pond, mixed with inorganic material such as sand, clay, or silt. Organic material includes animal waste, leaves and grass, fertilizer, dead algae, grease and oil from run off, etc.

Can fish live in septic lagoons?

There is no problem with the basic process of using sewage to grow fish, you just have to design the system to deal with the problems – odor, bacteria, etc. One option is a conventional sewage treatment plant ( Aerobic or Anaerobic) that treats the sewage to bathing quality but does not remove the nutrients, N and P.

Can algae purify air?

By radiating the light to the culture fluid in the presence of carbon dioxide, photosynthesis of the algae is promoted to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. In addition, the algae use the nitrogen oxide and/or sulfur oxide as a nutrient during the photosynthesis to generate a purified air, which is rich in oxygen.

Do algae produce oxygen?

Like most plants, many algae produce oxygen during the daylight as a by-product of photosynthesis. At night these algae consume oxygen, but usually much less than was produced during the daylight.

Can algae purify water?

Algae benefit wastewater treatment by producing oxygen that allows aerobic bacteria to breakdown organic contaminants in the water and taking up excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the process. It is also a sustainable and affordable alternative to current wastewater treatment practices.

What are the layers in facultative lagoons?

The bottom layer of the lagoon includes sludge deposits and supports anaerobic organisms. The intermediate anoxic layer, termed the facultative zone, ranges from aerobic near the top to anaerobic at the bottom. These layers may persist for long periods due to temperature-induced water- density variations.

How does a facultative lagoon differ from an aerated lagoon?

The technology and performance of aerated lagoons approach those of the facultative lagoon as the aerated lagoon becomes larger, shallower, and less aerated. Facultative lagoons used to treat domestic wastewaters provide an example of a highly stressed aquatic ecosystems.

What is the minimum removal efficiency of BOD in an oxidation pond?

Explanation: The BOD removal efficiency of an oxidation pond lies between 80% and 90%, so the maximum BOD removal efficiency is 90%.

In which layer of a facultative lagoon does denitrification occur?

sludge layer
Anaerobic reactions occur in the sludge layer which release hydrogen sulfide and methane. Denitrification (an anoxic reaction) occurs in the sludge layer and releases nitrogen gas.

How do anaerobic ponds work?

The anaerobic pond can be described as an uncovered septic tank. The anaerobic bacteria break down the organic matter in the effluent, which release carbon dioxide and methane. The sludge is taken to the bottom of the pond by the sedimentation process.